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Related Concept Videos

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:15

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

5
An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...
5
Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction01:15

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

9
Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular condition in which blood flow to a brain region is suddenly interrupted, leading to tissue infarction. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief reductions in perfusion cause energy failure, ionic imbalance, and irreversible injury. Ischemic strokes are classified into thrombotic and embolic types based on their underlying mechanisms.Thrombotic MechanismsThrombotic stroke develops when a clot forms within a cerebral artery.
9
Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction01:26

Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction

4
A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a brief episode of neurological dysfunction caused by a temporary, focal reduction in cerebral blood flow. Although symptoms resemble those of an ischemic stroke, the interruption in perfusion is short-lived and does not cause permanent infarction. TIAs are clinically important because they often serve as early warning events for future stroke.Mechanisms of Transient Cerebral IschemiaTransient cerebral ischemia may arise through several mechanisms. One...
4
Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

7
A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...
7
Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction01:17

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

5
A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...
5
Stroke: Introduction and Types01:29

Stroke: Introduction and Types

8
A stroke is an acute neurological event caused by the sudden disruption of cerebral blood flow, leading to rapid loss of neuronal function. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief interruptions can cause irreversible injury within minutes. Strokes are classified into ischemic and hemorrhagic types.Ischemic StrokeIschemic strokes are most common and occur due to arterial occlusion, depriving brain tissue of oxygen and nutrients. This leads to energy failure, ionic...
8

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Establishment of Acute Pontine Infarction in Rats by Electrical Stimulation
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Progressing small vessel pontine infarction includes different etiologies.

Taizen Nakase1, Masahiro Sasaki1, Yasuko Ikeda1

  • 1Department of Stroke Science, Research Institute for Brain and Blood Vessels Akita, Japan.

Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology
|October 31, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Progressing pontine infarction, a type of small vessel disease, may stem from worsening blood flow or delayed neuronal death. Lesion expansion correlated with basilar artery atherosclerosis, not lesion size or distribution.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Vascular Neurology
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Small vessel disease is a common cause of stroke.
  • Pontine infarction is a specific type of stroke affecting the pons.
  • Understanding progressing stroke is crucial for patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the clinical features of progressing pontine infarction.
  • To identify factors associated with stroke progression in the pons.
  • To differentiate causes of worsening stroke in small vessel disease.

Main Methods:

  • Study included 38 patients with acute pontine infarction.
  • Diagnosis confirmed via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA).
  • Patients monitored for neurological worsening (NIH Stroke Scale increase ≥2 within 72 hours).

Main Results:

  • Progression occurred in 26.3% of patients.
  • No correlation found between lesion size/distribution and progression.
  • Expansion of ischemic lesions correlated with basilar artery atherosclerosis.
  • Stable lesions were associated with delayed worsening.

Conclusions:

  • Progressing stroke in the pons may involve impaired blood flow and delayed neuronal death.
  • Basilar artery atherosclerosis is a potential factor in lesion expansion.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate mechanisms of delayed worsening.