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Short-term lung function decline in tunnel construction workers.

Bente Ulvestad1, May Brit Lund2, Berit Bakke1

  • 1National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway.

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Tunnel construction workers experience short-term lung function decline, even with reduced air contaminant exposure. Declines in forced expiratory volume (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were linked to organic carbon exposure.

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Area of Science:

  • Occupational Health
  • Environmental Science
  • Pulmonary Medicine

Background:

  • Previous studies indicated tunnel workers faced increased lung function decline risks.
  • Modern tunneling operations have implemented measures to reduce worker exposure to air contaminants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if current exposure levels in tunnel construction still cause short-term lung function impairment.

Main Methods:

  • Ninety tunnel workers and 51 referents underwent spirometry and questionnaires before and after an 11-day work period.
  • Personal exposure to particulate matter, α-quartz, elemental carbon, organic carbon, oil mist, nitrogen dioxide, and ammonia was assessed.

Main Results:

  • Tunnel workers showed a significant decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) after 11 days.
  • Declines in FEV1 and FVC were significantly associated with exposure to organic carbon.

Conclusions:

  • Despite reduced exposure levels in contemporary tunneling, a negative impact on lung function persists.
  • Organic carbon exposure is a significant factor contributing to lung function impairment in tunnel workers.