Encapsulation of nanoparticles in virus protein shells

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Nanotechnology
• Structural Biology

Background:

• Virus-like particles (VLPs) mimic viral structures, offering precise size control and environmental responsiveness.
• Viral protein cages can encapsulate non-genomic cargo, enabling the creation of novel hybrid materials.

Purpose of the Study:

• To describe high-efficiency in vitro self-assembly protocols for creating VLPs around functionalized gold nanoparticles.
• To demonstrate adaptability for icosahedral and non-icosahedral viral protein cages from diverse viral sources.

Main Methods:

• In vitro self-assembly of viral protein shells around functionalized gold nanoparticles.
• Utilizing protein cages derived from plant, animal, and human retroviruses.
• Adaptation of protocols for various inorganic and organic nanoparticles.

Main Results:

• Successful high-efficiency in vitro self-assembly of three distinct viral protein cages around gold nanoparticles.
• Demonstrated encapsulation of functionalized gold nanoparticles within regular protein cages.
• Established protocols adaptable to a wide range of nanoparticle types.

Conclusions:

• Developed versatile protocols for constructing virus-like particle-nanoparticle hybrids.
• These methods enable the combination of viral structural properties with abiotic cargo functionalities.
• The approach is readily adaptable for creating advanced nanomaterials.