Hardcore smoking among continuing smokers in Canada 2004-2012
1Propel Centre for Population Health Impact, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada, sazagba@uwaterloo.ca.
Cancer Causes & Control : CCC
|November 1, 2014
Summary
The prevalence of hardcore smoking in Canada has not significantly changed over time, challenging the "hardening hypothesis." Socioeconomic factors, however, show a gradient in nicotine dependence among smokers.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
- Tobacco Control Research
Background:
- Adult smoking prevalence in Canada has slowed, potentially indicating a plateau.
- It remains unclear if this trend reflects reduced resistance to tobacco control measures among certain populations.
- The concept of
- Purpose_of_the_Study
- Main_Methods
- Main_Results
- Conclusions
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate trends in hardcore smoking prevalence in Canada.
- To assess if observed smoking rate plateaus are linked to changes in hardcore smoking.
- To evaluate the
- Main_Methods
- Main_Results
- Conclusions
Main Methods:
- Utilized data from the Canadian Tobacco Use Monitoring Survey (2004-2012) with a sample of 13,861 adult daily smokers.
- Defined hardcore smokers using two criteria: (1) no quit attempt/intention and early smoking, (2) criteria 1 plus smoking ≥15 cigarettes/day.
- Employed logistic regression to analyze associations between hardcore smoking measures, time, and socio-demographic variables.
Main Results:
- No significant changes in overall hardcore smoking prevalence were detected between 2004 and 2012.
- Analysis of time-to-first cigarette (TTFC) as a nicotine dependence measure showed no significant temporal trends.
- A significant socioeconomic gradient was observed for TTFC, with higher education levels associated with lower nicotine dependence (shorter TTFC).
Conclusions:
- The study findings do not support the "hardening hypothesis" as an increase in hardcore smokers over time.
- The persistence of hardcore smoking suggests ongoing challenges in tobacco control for specific populations.
- Socioeconomic status is a significant factor influencing nicotine dependence among Canadian daily smokers.
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