The patient's perspective on the link between ADHD and substance use: a qualitative interview study

Area of Science:

• Psychiatry
• Neurodevelopmental Disorders
• Addiction Medicine

Background:

• Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder often persisting into adulthood.
• Co-occurring substance use disorders (SUDs) are prevalent in adults with ADHD.
• Understanding the subjective experiences of individuals with ADHD regarding substance use is crucial for effective treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore how adult patients with ADHD perceive the role of alcohol and drugs in their lives.
• To identify factors that adults with ADHD consider beneficial for treating and preventing co-occurring ADHD and SUDs.

Main Methods:

• Qualitative interview study.
• Involved 14 outpatients diagnosed with ADHD at a psychiatric clinic.
• Employed deductive content analysis based on pre-defined areas of interest.

Main Results:

• A significant driving force for substance use was the yearning for belongingness.
• Participants reported using alcohol/drugs to feel "normal," leading to perceived respect and acceptance.
• Early diagnosis of ADHD was identified as essential for preventing the development of SUDs.

Conclusions:

• Adults with ADHD may have compelling psychological and emotional motivations for alcohol and drug use.
• Investigating individual reasons for substance use should be an integral part of treatment planning for adult ADHD.