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Updated: Apr 21, 2026

Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model
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Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model

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Cephalometric pattern and nasal patency in children with primary snoring: the evidence of a direct correlation

Anna Maria Zicari1, Marzia Duse1, Francesca Occasi1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.

Plos One
|November 1, 2014
PubMed

Insights

Children with primary snoring show distinct craniofacial traits linked to nasal obstruction. This study highlights how nasal airway issues may influence facial growth patterns in young snorers.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Dentistry
  • Orthodontics
  • Sleep Medicine

Background:

  • Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) can impact craniofacial development.
  • Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in children is associated with increased facial heights and altered hyoid bone position compared to nasal breathers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the relationship between rhinomanometric and cephalometric findings in children experiencing primary snoring (PS).
  • To assess children with PS but without apnea or gas exchange abnormalities.

Main Methods:

  • Thirty children (4-8 years old) with habitual snoring were selected based on a validated SDB questionnaire.
  • Participants underwent lateral cephalometric and panoramic radiography.

Main Results:

  • A more vertical hyoid bone position relative to the mandibular plane (H⊥VT) was observed with increased snoring frequency (p=0.032).
  • Nasal patency showed significant correlations with various cephalometric parameters, including ANB, NS∧Ar, FMA, and airway space (Phw1_PsP, AHC3H).

Conclusions:

  • The study supports a link between nasal obstruction and specific craniofacial characteristics in children with primary snoring.
  • Nasal obstruction may indirectly explain the observed cephalometric alterations associated with snoring.
Abstract

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