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Related Concept Videos

Diabetic Retinopathy01:27

Diabetic Retinopathy

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DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...
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In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
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Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

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Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
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Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

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Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
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Atherosclerosis III: Management

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Management of atherosclerosis involves an integrated strategy encompassing pharmacological treatment, surgical interventions, lifestyle changes, and nutrition therapy to address the multifactorial nature of the disease.Pharmacological TherapyA cornerstone of atherosclerosis management is the use of pharmacological agents. Statins, such as atorvastatin, are pivotal in inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme that catalyzes an initial step in cholesterol synthesis in the liver. This reduction in...
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Related Experiment Video

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Application of Optical Coherence Tomography to a Mouse Model of Retinopathy
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Atypical retinal vaso-occlusion with structural and functional resolution.

Joseph W Sowka1, Lori A Vollmer, Michael Au

  • 1*OD, FAAO †OD Nova Southeastern University, College of Optometry, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida (all authors).

Optometry and Vision Science : Official Publication of the American Academy of Optometry
|November 1, 2014
PubMed
Summary

A patient with primary open-angle glaucoma experienced sudden vision loss and a relative afferent pupil defect, which resolved spontaneously. This case highlights the complex nature of retinal vaso-occlusive disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Retinal Vascular Diseases

Background:

  • Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a progressive optic neuropathy.
  • Retinal vascular occlusive events can cause significant vision loss.

Observation:

  • A 50-year-old woman with POAG presented with sudden, painless unilateral vision loss.
  • Ophthalmoscopy revealed features mimicking central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) and central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO), along with a relative afferent pupil defect (RAPD).
  • Diagnostic imaging (OCT, fluorescein angiography) showed no definitive signs of retinal edema or ischemia.

Findings:

  • The patient experienced spontaneous visual recovery and complete resolution of the RAPD over two months.
  • The clinical presentation and recovery were inconsistent with typical CRAO or CRVO.
  • No objective diagnostic findings explained the initial vision loss or RAPD.

Implications:

  • This case suggests that some retinal vaso-occlusive phenomena may not fit standard classifications of CRAO or CRVO.
  • The complete resolution of RAPD challenges its perception as a solely permanent marker of retinal damage.
  • Further research is needed to understand the pathophysiology of these atypical retinal vascular events.