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Measurements of Strain

Measurements of Strain

Strain quantifies the deformation of a material under force, typically measured as normal strain, which represents the change in length when compared with the original length. Electrical strain gauges are used for enhanced accuracy. These devices consist of a conductive wire mounted on a paper backing that adheres to the material's surface. These gauges operate on the piezoresistive effect, where the wire's electrical resistance changes in response to mechanical deformation. The strain...

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Updated: Apr 21, 2026

Production of a Strain-Measuring Device with an Improved 3D Printer

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Silica microspheres array strain sensor.

Marta S Ferreira, José L Santos, Orlando Frazão

|November 1, 2014

Summary

This study introduces novel optical fiber sensors using silica microsphere arrays for strain and temperature measurements. Odd-microsphere sensors show enhanced strain sensitivity compared to even-microsphere designs.

Area of Science:

Photonics and Optical Sensing
Materials Science
Fiber Optic Technology

Background:

Optical fiber sensors offer remote and multiplexed sensing capabilities.
Silica microspheres can be fabricated into complex structures for enhanced sensing.
Strain and temperature monitoring are critical in various industrial and scientific applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose and characterize a novel optical fiber sensor utilizing arrays of silica microspheres.
To investigate the influence of microsphere array geometry on strain sensing performance.
To evaluate the temperature sensing capabilities of the proposed fiber optic sensor.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of silica microsphere arrays using a fusion splicer.
Series connection of microspheres via fusion splicing to create different sensor configurations.

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Experimental measurement of strain response for sensors with varying numbers of microspheres.

Characterization of sensor performance under different temperature conditions.

Main Results:

Three distinct optical fiber sensors were fabricated with varying numbers of microspheres.
Sensors with an odd number of microspheres demonstrated higher sensitivity to strain compared to those with an even number.
A temperature sensitivity of 20.3 pm/°C was achieved within a 200°C range.

Conclusions:

The geometry of silica microsphere arrays significantly impacts strain sensing performance in optical fiber sensors.
Odd-numbered microsphere configurations are superior for strain measurement applications.
The proposed fiber optic microsphere sensor exhibits promising performance for both strain and temperature monitoring.