Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 21, 2026
09:00
Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser
Published on: June 28, 2018
9.3K
New classes of systematic effects in gas spin comagnetometers
D Sheng1, A Kabcenell1, M V Romalis1
1Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA.
Physical Review Letters
|November 1, 2014
Summary
This study introduces a new atomic comagnetometer using helium-3 and xenon-129, probed by rubidium atoms. It identifies systematic effects like diffusion and temperature gradients in gas comagnetometers.
Area of Science:
- Atomic physics
- Precision measurement
- Quantum sensing
Background:
- Atomic comagnetometers are crucial for detecting physics beyond the Standard Model.
- Existing comagnetometers face systematic errors that limit precision.
Purpose of the Study:
- To introduce a novel (3)He-(129)Xe atomic comagnetometer.
- To identify and characterize systematic effects in gas comagnetometers.
- To develop a method for calculating spin relaxation and frequency shifts.
Main Methods:
- Construction of a new (3)He-(129)Xe comagnetometer.
- Probing the comagnetometer using laser-cooled Rb atoms.
- Experimental investigation of diffusion and temperature gradient effects.
- Development of a theoretical framework for magnetic field gradient effects.
Main Results:
- Two classes of systematic effects were identified: diffusion in magnetic field gradients and temperature gradients.
- A practical method for calculating spin relaxation and frequency shifts due to magnetic field gradients was developed and experimentally verified.
- The new comagnetometer design shows promise for enhanced precision measurements.
Conclusions:
- The developed (3)He-(129)Xe comagnetometer offers a new tool for precision measurements.
- Understanding and mitigating systematic effects is key to advancing atomic comagnetometry.
- The new calculation method provides a valuable tool for designing and interpreting experiments.
Related Concept Videos
01:23Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes
1.1K
In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis, the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
1.1K
01:08Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview
1.2K
In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
1.2K
01:03Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview
1.8K
NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
1.8K
01:08NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling
3.3K
The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
3.3K
01:05Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance
1.2K
The number of nuclear spins aligned in the lower energy state is slightly greater than those in the higher energy state. In the presence of an external magnetic field, as the spins precess at the Larmor frequency, the excess population results in a net magnetization oriented along the z axis. When a pulse or a short burst of radio waves at the Larmor frequency is applied along the x axis, the coupling of frequencies causes resonance and flips the nuclear spins of the excess population from the...
1.2K
01:02¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals
1.2K
Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are...
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are...
1.2K