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Half-quantum vortex molecules in a binary dipolar Bose gas.

Wilbur E Shirley1, Brandon M Anderson2, Charles W Clark2

  • 1Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA and Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.

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We discovered novel phases in rotating binary Bose-Einstein condensates with magnetic dipoles. Dipolar interactions lead to half-quantum vortex molecules and rich phase diagrams.

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Area of Science:

  • Atomic, Molecular & Optical Physics
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Quantum Gases

Background:

  • Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) are quantum states of matter formed by cooling bosons to near absolute zero.
  • Two-component BECs offer rich physics due to inter-component interactions.
  • Permanent magnetic dipole moments in BECs introduce long-range anisotropic interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the ground state phases of a rotating two-component Bose-Einstein condensate with one component possessing a large permanent magnetic dipole moment.
  • Explore the emergence of novel phases driven by dipolar interactions.
  • Understand the mechanism behind half-quantum vortex (HQV) binding.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical study of the ground state phase diagram.
  • Analysis of the interaction potential between half-quantum vortices.
  • Numerical simulations (implied, not explicitly stated but typical for such studies).

Main Results:

  • Observed emergence of nontrivial phases, including a half-quantum vortex (HQV) chain phase.
  • Identified a novel HQV molecule phase where HQVs bind at short distances.
  • Attributed these phases to a minimum in the HQV interaction potential arising from dipolar interactions.

Conclusions:

  • Dipolar interactions in rotating binary BECs provide a unique mechanism for forming HQV molecules.
  • The system exhibits a rich ground state phase diagram due to these interactions.
  • The formation of HQV molecules occurs without coherent coupling or attractive inter-component interactions.