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Meta-analysis of multiple outcomes: a multilevel approach
Wim Van den Noortgate1, José Antonio López-López2, Fulgencio Marín-Martínez3
1Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences and itec-iMinds, University of Leuven, Vesaliusstraat 2, 3000, Leuven, Belgium. wim.vandennoortgate@kuleuven-kortrijk.be.
Behavior Research Methods
|November 2, 2014
Summary
This study introduces a three-level meta-analytic model to handle dependent effect sizes common in research. The model provides accurate estimates for interventions with multiple outcomes, improving meta-analysis reliability.
Area of Science:
- Statistics
- Psychology
- Biostatistics
Background:
- Dependent effect sizes are prevalent in meta-analysis, particularly when a single participant sample is assessed on multiple outcomes.
- Existing meta-analytic models often struggle to adequately account for this dependency, potentially biasing results.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate a three-level meta-analytic model designed to accommodate dependent effect sizes.
- To extend previous simulation studies by incorporating variations in key meta-analytic parameters.
Main Methods:
- A three-level meta-analytic model was employed to analyze dependent effect sizes.
- Simulations were conducted, varying the number of effect sizes per study, between-study variance, outcome correlations, and sample sizes.
- The model's performance was also assessed when outcomes are treated as a random sample from a larger population.
Main Results:
- The three-level model demonstrated appropriate mean effect size estimation.
- Accurate standard error estimates were obtained across various simulated conditions.
- Confidence interval coverage proportions were found to be adequate in diverse realistic scenarios.
Conclusions:
- The evaluated three-level meta-analytic model effectively handles dependent effect sizes without requiring prior covariance estimates.
- This approach offers a robust and relatively simple method for improving the accuracy of meta-analytic findings in complex research designs.
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