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Related Concept Videos

Mass Spectrometry: Aldehyde and Ketone Fragmentation01:09

Mass Spectrometry: Aldehyde and Ketone Fragmentation

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In mass spectrometry, the fragmentation of aliphatic aldehydes and ketones generally occurs through three key mechanisms: α-cleavage, inductive cleavage, and the McLafferty rearrangement.
4.8K
¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)01:20

¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)

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When proton-coupled carbon-13 spectra are simplified by a broadband proton decoupling technique, structural information about the coupled protons is lost. Distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT) is a technique that provides information on the number of hydrogens attached to each carbon in a molecule. While the DEPT experiment utilizes complex pulse sequences, the pulse delay and flip angle are specifically manipulated. The resulting signals have different phases depending on...
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Mass Spectrometry: Molecular Fragmentation Overview01:20

Mass Spectrometry: Molecular Fragmentation Overview

5.1K
The ionization of a molecule into a molecular ion inside the mass spectrometer causes instability in the molecule's structure due to the loss of an electron. This eventually leads to the fragmentation or breaking of some bonds in the molecule. The fragmentation occurs predominantly at specific bonds to yield relatively stable fragments.
One type of fragmentation pattern is the cleavage of a single bond in the molecular ion. The cleavage leads to a radical and a cation. The cleavage can occur at...
5.1K
Structures of Aldehydes and Ketones01:04

Structures of Aldehydes and Ketones

11.7K
Vanillin—a flavoring agent in vanilla, cinnamaldehyde—a molecule responsible for the distinct smell of cinnamon, and acetone—a strong-smelling ingredient in nail polish removers, all belong to a class of carbonyl compounds called aldehydes and ketones (Figure 1). Although both aldehydes and ketones contain the characteristic carbonyl (C=O) bond, their chemical structures vary with respect to the groups directly attached to the carbonyl carbon.
In aldehydes (Figures 1a and 1b),...
11.7K
Mass Spectrometry: Alcohol Fragmentation01:03

Mass Spectrometry: Alcohol Fragmentation

4.6K
Alcohols (R-OH) ionize to lose one non-bonded electron from the oxygen atom, forming molecular ions. Due to their tendency to fragment rapidly, the intensity of the molecular ion peak in the mass spectrum is weak or sometimes absent. The fragmentation patterns for alcohols occur in two ways, i.e. ⍺-cleavage and dehydration. During ⍺-cleavage, the bond at the ⍺-position adjacent to the hydroxyl group cleaves to give a resonance-stabilized cation and a radical. However,...
4.6K
IR and UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Aldehydes and Ketones01:29

IR and UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Aldehydes and Ketones

5.1K
Infrared spectroscopy, also known as vibrational spectroscopy, is mainly used to determine the types of bonds and functional groups in molecules. In aldehydes and ketones, the carbonyl (C=O) bond shows an absorption around 1710 cm-1. The C=O bond vibration of an aldehyde occurs at lower frequencies than that of a ketone. In addition to the C=O absorption in an aldehyde, the aldehydic C–H bond also gives two peaks in the 2700–2800 cm-1 range. This absorption, coupled with the...
5.1K

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Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F&#8722;
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Dissociative electron attachment studies on acetone.

Vaibhav S Prabhudesai1, Vishvesh Tadsare1, Sanat Ghosh1

  • 1Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai 400005, India.

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|November 3, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dissociative electron attachment to acetone primarily forms H(-) fragments. The study reveals a single resonance peak and a complex multi-body breakup mechanism for fragment anion formation.

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Area of Science:

  • Atomic and Molecular Physics
  • Chemical Physics
  • Quantum Chemistry

Background:

  • Dissociative electron attachment (DEA) is a fundamental process involving electron interactions with molecules.
  • Understanding DEA to small organic molecules like acetone is crucial for various chemical and physical phenomena.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the absolute cross sections of fragment channels in dissociative electron attachment to acetone.
  • To elucidate the dynamics of DEA to acetone, focusing on fragment anion formation and energy distributions.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental measurement of absolute cross sections for fragment anions (H(-), O(-), OH(-)) from acetone.
  • Utilizing the Velocity Slice Imaging technique to analyze fragment anion angular and kinetic energy distributions.
  • Performing ab initio calculations to understand electron capture and dissociation pathways.

Main Results:

  • H(-) was identified as the most dominant fragment anion, followed by O(-) and OH(-).
  • A single resonance peak was observed between 8-9 eV for fragment anion formation.
  • Analysis of kinetic and angular distributions indicates a many-body breakup mechanism for the observed resonance.

Conclusions:

  • The electron capture in acetone during DEA occurs in a multi-centered anti-bonding molecular orbital.
  • This electron capture mechanism leads to a complex, many-body breakup, explaining the observed fragment anion dynamics.