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Related Concept Videos

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias01:28

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias

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Arrhythmias are irregular heart rhythms occurring when the heart's electrical impulses become abnormal. These disturbances can lead to various symptoms, depending on their severity and the underlying cause. Some common factors contributing to arrhythmias include hypoxia, ischemia, electrolyte imbalances, excessive catecholamine exposure, drug toxicity, and muscle overstretching. Arrhythmias can be classified into two main types based on the rate and site of origin of abnormal heart rhythms.
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Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:29

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Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow heart...
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Dysrhythmias I: Introduction01:15

Dysrhythmias I: Introduction

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Dysrhythmias refers to abnormalities in the heart's rhythm. They result from disruptions in the heart's electrical conduction system, which includes the sinoatrial(SA)node, atrioventricular(AV) node, the bundle of His, bundle branches, and Purkinje fibers.Definition and PathophysiologyDysrhythmias result from disorders of impulse formation, impulse conduction, or both. The heart contains specialized cells in the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, and the bundle of His and Purkinje fibers...
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ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias01:25

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

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Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...
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Development of the Heart01:27

Development of the Heart

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The development of the human heart, a crucial organ, commences from the mesoderm on the 18th or 19th day after fertilization. This process initiates in the cardiogenic area, a group of mesodermal cells at the embryo's head end, which evolves into elongated strands known as cardiogenic cords. These cords undergo a transformation to form hollow-centered endocardial tubes.
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Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias01:18

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias

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Bradyarrhythmias are cardiac rhythm disorders characterized by a slower-than-normal heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute. Some of which are discussed here:Sinus BradycardiaSinus bradycardia presents a heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute, with a regular rhythm originating from the SA node. The ECG typically shows normal P waves preceding each QRS complex, a normal PR interval (0.12 to 0.20 seconds), and a normal QRS duration (0.06 to 0.10 seconds).First-Degree AV...
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Updated: Apr 21, 2026

Rat Model of Right-Sided Cardiac Remodeling and Arrhythmia Using Pulmonary Artery Banding
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Arrhythmias in the developing heart.

D Sedmera1, R Kockova, F Vostarek

  • 1Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.

Acta Physiologica (Oxford, England)
|November 4, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cardiac arrhythmias can affect fetal development, with common forms including congenital heart block and long QT syndrome. This review explores their pathology and potential treatments using human and animal models.

Keywords:
anti-arrhythmic drugscardiac developmentchick embryoconduction systemhypoxiamouse

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Cardiac arrhythmias prevalence increases with age.
  • Specific arrhythmias can impact fetal development.
  • Diagnosis and understanding of fetal arrhythmias remain limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review common cardiac arrhythmias in human pathology.
  • To explore fetal arrhythmias and their developmental impact.
  • To discuss pathogenesis and treatment strategies for arrhythmias.

Main Methods:

  • Review of human pathology literature.
  • Analysis of data from prenatal animal models.
  • Synthesis of information on arrhythmia pathogenesis and treatment.

Main Results:

  • Common fetal arrhythmias include congenital heart block, pre-excitation, extrasystoles, and long QT syndrome.
  • Prenatal animal models offer insights into arrhythmia development.
  • Potential treatment strategies are being explored.

Conclusions:

  • Fetal cardiac arrhythmias are a significant concern affecting development.
  • Further research into pathogenesis and treatment is warranted.
  • Understanding these conditions is crucial for improving fetal outcomes.