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Related Concept Videos

Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:21

Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

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Individuals with Barrett's esophagus are often asymptomatic, but they may experience symptoms commonly associated with GERD, such as heartburn and acid regurgitation. Additional symptoms can include difficulty swallowing, chest pain, unintentional weight loss, blood in the stool (which may appear black, tarry, or bloody), and episodes of vomiting.
To diagnose Barrett's esophagus, healthcare providers often recommend an endoscopy for those showing symptoms of acid reflux. The procedure...
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Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management01:26

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Patients with esophageal strictures often experience a range of symptoms. Initially, they may have difficulty swallowing solid foods, which can progress to include liquids. Additional symptoms may involve chest pain or discomfort, regurgitating food and fluids, heartburn, unintentional weight loss, coughing or choking during meals, and hoarseness.
Healthcare providers should gather a comprehensive medical history and conduct a physical examination for diagnosis. If esophageal stricture is...
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Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management01:29

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management

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Gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, is a persistent medical condition that affects many individuals worldwide. Its clinical manifestations can vary greatly, making diagnosis and management challenging for healthcare professionals. The following is a comprehensive overview of the clinical manifestations, assessment, and management strategies for GERD.
Clinical Manifestations
GERD presents itself in a multitude of ways, with symptoms varying from person to person. The hallmark symptoms are...
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Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction01:30

Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction

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Esophageal strictures involve abnormal narrowing or tightening of the esophagus. They vary in length and severity, ranging from mild constriction to complete obstruction, and are classified as benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
Etiology
The primary cause of esophageal strictures is long-standing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), accounting for about 70 to 80% of adult cases. Chronic acid reflux can lead to injury and scarring of the esophageal lining, culminating in...
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Barrett Esophagus-I: Introduction01:21

Barrett Esophagus-I: Introduction

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Barrett's esophagus is a medical condition where the esophageal mucosa is significantly damaged by stomach acid or other digestive fluids, often due to long-term exposure associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). In GERD, a weakened or abnormally relaxed lower esophageal sphincter allows stomach acid to flow persistently into the esophagus.
This constant acid exposure transforms the esophagus's pink mucosal lining (stratified squamous epithelium) into a type of lining more...
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Esophageal Achalasia01:27

Esophageal Achalasia

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Esophageal achalasia is a chronic neurogenic disorder characterized by impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and absent or ineffective peristalsis in the distal esophagus. This leads to a functional obstruction without a physical blockage, despite significant disruption of esophageal motility.EtiologyAchalasia is caused by degeneration of the myenteric (Auerbach's) plexus, specifically the loss of inhibitory ganglion cells that produce vasoactive intestinal peptide...
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Related Experiment Video

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Author Spotlight: Investigating the Pathophysiology of Eosinophilic Esophagitis
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Eosinophilic oesophagitis: A paediatric update.

Katrina J Allen1,2,3, Ralf G Heine1,2,3

  • 1Department of Allergy, Gastroenterology and Immunology, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health
|November 4, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE) is a common diagnosis in children presenting with gastro-oesophageal reflux (GOR). Identifying EoE requires excluding GOR via proton pump inhibitor treatment before endoscopy, with specific red flags guiding referral.

Keywords:
corticosteroidselimination dieteosinophilgastro-oesophageal reflux diseaseproton-pump inhibitor

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Gastroenterology
  • Allergy and Immunology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE) is a significant differential diagnosis for pediatric gastro-oesophageal reflux (GOR).
  • Distinguishing between EoE and GOR can be challenging for clinicians.
  • Accurate diagnosis of EoE requires histological confirmation via endoscopic biopsies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline current guidelines for diagnosing EoE in children.
  • To identify clinical red flags suggestive of EoE.
  • To review therapeutic options and emerging diagnostic strategies for EoE.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current clinical guidelines for EoE diagnosis.
  • Analysis of historical features indicative of EoE.
  • Summary of established and novel therapeutic and diagnostic approaches for EoE.

Main Results:

  • Guidelines recommend excluding GOR with proton pump inhibitors before endoscopy for EoE diagnosis.
  • Referral red flags include poor weight gain, choking during eating, and food impaction.
  • Dietary allergen elimination and swallowed aerosolised corticosteroids are primary therapies; novel therapies lack demonstrated benefit.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate EoE diagnosis in children necessitates a structured approach, including GOR exclusion and assessment of specific clinical indicators.
  • While current treatments exist, novel non-invasive biomarkers for EoE diagnosis and monitoring show future promise.