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Physical activity in the elderly is associated with improved executive function and processing speed: the LADIS

Kristian Steen Frederiksen1, Ana Verdelho2, Sofia Madureira2

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Regular physical activity benefits cognitive functions, particularly executive function and processing speed, in elderly individuals with age-related white matter changes (ARWMC). This study highlights the positive impact of exercise on maintaining cognitive health in this population.

Keywords:
age-related white matter changescognitiveexecutive functionmemoryphysical activityprocessing speed

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Gerontology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Physical activity is known to reduce cognitive decline risk.
  • Cognitive domains may be differentially affected by physical activity.
  • Age-related white matter changes (ARWMC) are common in the elderly and linked to cognitive impairment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between physical activity and cognitive functions (processing speed, executive function, memory) in elderly individuals with ARWMC.
  • To determine if physical activity modifies cognitive performance in this specific population.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the prospective, multicenter Leukoaraiosis And DISability (LADIS) study.
  • Included 282 elderly subjects without dementia, assessed over 3 years with MRI and cognitive tests.
  • Employed multiple variable linear regression analysis, controlling for relevant covariates.

Main Results:

  • Physical activity was significantly associated with better executive function and processing speed at baseline and 3-year follow-up.
  • These associations remained significant even after accounting for baseline cognitive scores.
  • No significant association was found between physical activity and memory performance.

Conclusions:

  • Physical activity positively impacts cognitive functions in elderly subjects, including those with ARWMC.
  • The findings extend previous research by demonstrating this benefit in individuals with age-related white matter changes.
  • Exercise may be a key factor in preserving executive function and processing speed in aging populations with cerebrovascular changes.