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An insight into silver nanoparticles bioavailability in rats.

Javier Jiménez-Lamana1, Francisco Laborda, Eduardo Bolea

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Summary

Oral silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) accumulate in rat livers and kidneys, with most silver excreted in feces. Intact AgNPs were detected, indicating potential biological transformation and metal ion release.

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Toxicology
  • Biomedical Science

Background:

  • Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are increasingly used in consumer products.
  • Understanding their bioavailability and distribution in vivo is crucial for safety assessments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the bioavailability and tissue distribution of orally administered AgNPs in a rat model.
  • To characterize the form and fate of silver in biological systems.

Main Methods:

  • Oral administration of AgNPs to rats.
  • Quantification of silver in liver, kidney, urine, and feces.
  • Characterization of AgNPs in feces using asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AsFlFFF) and UV-Vis.
  • In vivo imaging using laser ablation-ICP MS.
  • Silver speciation analysis in tissue cytosols.

Main Results:

  • Significant silver accumulation observed in liver and kidney tissues, with the liver as the primary target.
  • Approximately 50% of silver was recovered in feces, while urinary excretion was negligible (<0.01%).
  • Intact AgNPs were identified in feces.
  • AgNPs penetrated liver tissue, but were retained in the kidney cortex.
  • In kidneys, silver primarily formed metallothionein complexes; in the liver, it bound to high-molecular-weight proteins (70-25 kDa).
  • Evidence of Ag(I) species, suggesting AgNP oxidation in vivo.

Conclusions:

  • Orally administered AgNPs exhibit significant bioavailability and accumulate in key organs, particularly the liver.
  • The primary excretion route is via feces, with minimal renal clearance.
  • AgNPs can penetrate tissues, and their biological fate involves oxidation and binding to specific biomolecules, forming Ag(I) species.