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Lifetime stress experience: transgenerational epigenetics and germ cell programming.

Tracy L Bale1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, and Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.

Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience
|November 4, 2014
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Parental stress can impact offspring neurodevelopment through epigenetic programming across generations. Understanding germline changes is key to preventing neurodevelopmental disorders linked to environmental exposures.

Keywords:
developmentfetalgermlinehistonematernalmethylationmicroRNApaternalsperm

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental epigenetics
  • Neurodevelopmental disorders
  • Transgenerational inheritance

Background:

  • Environmental exposures, particularly stress during sensitive periods, are linked to neurodevelopmental disorders.
  • These effects can be transmitted across generations via epigenetic mechanisms.
  • Both maternal and paternal stress experiences are implicated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine transgenerational epigenetic programming from parental stress.
  • To investigate the mechanisms linking parental stress to offspring neurodevelopmental risks.
  • To identify critical factors in germline susceptibility to environmental signals.

Main Methods:

  • Epidemiological studies in human populations.
  • Mechanistic studies using animal models of parental stress.
  • Analysis of epigenetic marks in germ cells and offspring phenotypes.

Main Results:

  • Gestational stress exposures are associated with increased risks of ADHD, schizophrenia, and autism spectrum disorders.
  • Parental stress can influence offspring neurodevelopment through direct transmission or germline epigenetic modifications.
  • Animal models reveal specific germ cell epigenetic changes linked to neurodevelopmental disruptions.

Conclusions:

  • Transgenerational epigenetic programming is a significant factor in the inheritance of stress-related risks.
  • Understanding germline susceptibility to environmental signals is crucial for disease risk assessment.
  • Further research into epigenetic marks is needed to elucidate mechanisms of neurodevelopmental disorders.