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Opportunistic Infections and Complications in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1-Infected Children: Correlation with

Jaivinder Yadav1, Sanjeev Nanda1, Deepak Sharma1

  • 1Department of Paediatrics, Pt. B. D. Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India.

Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal
|November 4, 2014
PubMed

Insights

Opportunistic infections in children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) increase as CD4 counts fall. Effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) improves immune status, reducing complications and future infections.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in children presents unique challenges, particularly concerning opportunistic infections.
  • Immune status, assessed by CD4 counts, is critical for managing HIV-1 in pediatric populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the relationship between opportunistic infections and immune status (CD4 count and percentage) in children with HIV-1.
  • To evaluate the impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on immune recovery and clinical outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 20 HIV-1 infected children (4-57 months) in India received HAART.
  • Demographic data and baseline investigations were collected before HAART.
  • Investigations were repeated after six months of HAART to assess changes in immune status and clinical parameters.

Main Results:

  • Six months of HAART led to significant improvements in hemoglobin, weight, height, and CD4 counts.
  • A notable enhancement in immune status, as per WHO grading, was observed post-treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Lower CD4 counts correlate with increased severity and frequency of opportunistic complications in pediatric HIV-1.
  • Combined treatment of opportunistic infections and HAART promotes clinical and immunological recovery.
  • CD4 count serves as a vital marker for assessing immune status and HAART efficacy in children; patient adherence is crucial for successful outcomes.
Abstract

Keywords:
AIDSAIDS-Related Opportunistic InfectionsCD4 Lymphocyte CountHighly Active Antiretroviral TherapyIndia

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