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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Epigenetic Regulation01:37

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Human Genetics01:28

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Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
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Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 21, 2026

An Integrated Platform for Genome-wide Mapping of Chromatin States Using High-throughput ChIP-sequencing in Tumor Tissues
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Epigenetics across the human lifespan.

Riya R Kanherkar1, Naina Bhatia-Dey1, Antonei B Csoka1

  • 1Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Howard University Washington, DC, USA.

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
|November 4, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review explores how environmental factors and developmental milestones influence the human epigenome throughout life. Understanding these epigenetic changes is key to advancing personalized medicine.

Keywords:
developmentdietdiseaseenvironmentepigeneticshuman lifespan

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Area of Science:

  • Human Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Epigenetics offers explanations for biological phenomena previously difficult to understand.
  • Human development involves endogenous milestones and exogenous environmental factors influencing health.
  • The human epigenome is dynamic and subject to change throughout life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review human developmental milestones and environmental factors influencing health in a chronological epigenetic context.
  • To describe the interplay between the internal and external environments on the human epigenome.
  • To propose a hypothesis for how environmental factors induce epigenetic changes and its application in personalized medicine.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on epigenetics, human development, and environmental influences.
  • Chronological analysis of internal timepoints and external factors affecting the human epigenome from periconception to death.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge to formulate a new hypothesis on epigenetic modifications.

Main Results:

  • Identified key endogenous developmental milestones (birth, puberty, menopause) and exogenous factors (chemicals, diet, stress, exercise) impacting the epigenome.
  • Demonstrated that environmental factors can trigger gene activation or silencing, leading to lasting epigenetic modifications.
  • Highlighted the interaction between individual genetic/epigenetic profiles and environmental exposures.

Conclusions:

  • Environmental factors significantly influence the epigenome, causing direct and indirect epigenetic changes.
  • These epigenetic modifications can permanently alter an individual's health, metabolism, and development.
  • Understanding these mechanisms can pave the way for improved personalized medicine strategies.