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To develop with or without the prion protein.

Sophie Halliez1, Bruno Passet2, Séverine Martin-Lannerée3

  • 1Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, U892 Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires Jouy-en-Josas, France.

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
|November 4, 2014
PubMed
Summary

The cellular prion protein (PrP(C)) plays a crucial role in vertebrate development, influencing cell adhesion and differentiation. Despite its absence of major effects in adult mammals, PrP(C) is vital for embryonic development across species.

Keywords:
cell adhesioncytoskeletondevelopmentextra-cellular matrixneural developmentprion proteinstem cells

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • The cellular form of the prion protein (PrP(C)) is widely expressed in mammals, yet its deletion shows no drastic phenotypic consequences.
  • This contrasts with its conserved structure and role in neurodegenerative diseases, and its essential function in zebrafish development.
  • PrP(C) gene (Prnp) expression is observed early in mouse embryos, with Prnp(-/-) embryos showing transient pathway disruptions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and compare models investigating the functions of PrP(C) during early vertebrate development.
  • To discuss the relevance of these models in understanding embryo- and organogenesis.
  • To explore the potential role of PrP(C) in the development of all vertebrates.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of studies using different model organisms (zebrafish, mouse).
  • Review of evidence from mammalian cell and tissue development.
  • Examination of PrP(C) involvement in cellular pathways, proliferation, differentiation, cell adhesion, and extracellular matrix interactions.

Main Results:

  • PrP(C) depletion causes severe loss-of-function in zebrafish embryos.
  • Early Prnp expression and pathway disruptions in Prnp(-/-) mouse embryos suggest a developmental role.
  • Evidence supports PrP(C) involvement in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, and cytoskeleton dynamics.

Conclusions:

  • PrP(C) likely plays a significant role in the early development of vertebrates, contrary to observations in adult mammals.
  • Further research using diverse models is crucial to fully elucidate PrP(C)'s functions in embryogenesis and organogenesis.
  • PrP(C) is implicated in fundamental developmental processes including cell adhesion and differentiation.