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Intron evolution in Saccharomycetaceae.

Katarzyna B Hooks, Daniela Delneri, Sam Griffiths-Jones

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    This summary is machine-generated.

    Yeast genomes show rare intron gain but frequent intron loss, with most losses preserving protein sequences. Some intron loss is microhomology-mediated, reduced in species lacking specific DNA repair mechanisms.

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    Area of Science:

    • Genomics
    • Molecular Biology
    • Evolutionary Biology

    Background:

    • Hemiascomycetous yeast genomes are characterized by a scarcity of introns in protein-coding genes.
    • This suggests a history of extensive intron loss from an ancestral intron-rich state.
    • However, some retained introns in species like Saccharomyces cerevisiae confer benefits under stress.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate intron retention patterns in intron-poor yeast species.
    • To elucidate the evolutionary mechanisms driving intron loss and retention.
    • To understand the functional significance of remaining introns.

    Main Methods:

    • Comprehensive analysis of 250 orthologous introns across 20 Saccharomycetaceae species.
    • Utilized RNA deep-sequencing data and alignments of intron-containing genes.
    • Fine-scale mapping of intron positions and analysis of DNA repair machinery.

    Main Results:

    • Intron loss occurs at a rate at least 100 times higher than intron gain.
    • Intron sliding is infrequent, with most intron loss events not altering encoded protein sequences.
    • Homologous recombination is the primary mechanism for intron loss, with microhomology-mediated loss observed in a subset of cases.

    Conclusions:

    • Intron loss is a dominant evolutionary force in these yeast species.
    • The mechanisms of intron loss are primarily homologous recombination, with a minor role for microhomology-mediated events.
    • Disruption of DNA repair pathways may influence the rate of intron loss.