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Updated: Apr 21, 2026

Generation and Control of Electrohydrodynamic Flows in Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions

Generation and Control of Electrohydrodynamic Flows in Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions

Published on: September 7, 2018

Electroosmotic flow in nanofluidic channels.

Daniel G Haywood¹, Zachary D Harms, Stephen C Jacobson

¹Department of Chemistry, Indiana University , 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, Indiana 47405-7102, United States.

Analytical Chemistry

|November 4, 2014

Summary

We measured electroosmotic mobilities in glass nanofluidic channels, finding that confinement effects significantly alter flow at small Debye lengths (κ(-1)). Theory accurately predicts behavior when the electrical double layer is thin, but deviations occur in confined nanochannels.

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Published on: March 13, 2016

Area of Science:

Physics
Chemistry
Materials Science

Background:

Electroosmotic flow (EOF) is crucial for microfluidic and nanofluidic devices.
Understanding EOF in nanochannels is essential for designing advanced lab-on-a-chip systems.
Confinement effects in nanofluidic channels can significantly alter fluid behavior compared to microchannels.

Purpose of the Study:

To experimentally measure electroosmotic mobilities in nanofluidic channels with rectangular cross-sections.
To compare experimental results with theoretical predictions based on the Poisson-Boltzmann equation.
To investigate the impact of channel confinement and Debye length on electroosmotic flow.

Main Methods:

Nanofluidic channels (27-108 nm half-depth) were fabricated in borosilicate glass using a focused ion beam.
Electroosmotic mobilities were measured in NaCl solutions ranging from 0.1 to 500 mM.
ζ-potentials were measured in a microchannel (2.5 μm half-depth) and used for theoretical calculations.

Main Results:

Experimental electroosmotic mobilities quantitatively matched theoretical calculations using a nonlinear Poisson-Boltzmann equation.
The Smoluchowski equation accurately predicted EOF for κh > 50.
For κh < 10, confinement effects reduced average electroosmotic mobilities, with significant decreases observed in narrower channels at low salt concentrations.

Conclusions:

Electroosmotic mobility in nanofluidic channels is strongly influenced by the interplay between Debye length and channel dimensions.
Theoretical models incorporating nonlinear Poisson-Boltzmann equations provide accurate predictions for EOF in confined geometries.
Significant deviations from bulk behavior highlight the importance of considering confinement effects in nanofluidic device design.