Do you remember scurvy?

Area of Science:

• Pediatrics
• Nutritional Science
• Medical History

Background:

• Scurvy, a condition resulting from ascorbic acid (vitamin C) deficiency, is uncommon in pediatric populations.
• Historical context notes an increased incidence in the late 19th century due to processed foods and heated milk.
• This abstract focuses on two contemporary pediatric cases of scurvy.

Observation:

• Two children, aged 3 and 4 years, presented with distinct symptoms including severe gingivitis, fever, petechiae, ecchymosis, limb pain, and difficulty walking.
• Both patients exhibited reduced muscle tone and trophism, with one case presenting alveolar hemorrhage.
• A history of exclusive milk consumption and a diet devoid of fruits and vegetables was noted in both cases.

Findings:

• Radiological examination revealed characteristic "thick sclerotic metaphyseal lines with beak-like excrescences" in the tibiae and femurs of both children.
• Diagnosis was confirmed through clinical presentation, dietary history, laboratory tests, and vitamin C levels.
• The distinctive radiographic and clinical signs, coupled with dietary history, were crucial for diagnosing scurvy.

Implications:

• These cases underscore the continued relevance of scurvy, even in modern times, particularly with atypical diets.
• Prompt diagnosis and vitamin C supplementation led to significant clinical improvement in both pediatric patients.
• Highlights the critical role of a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables for preventing vitamin C deficiency in children.