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Esophageal Dysfunction in Friesian Horses: Morphological Features.

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Megaesophagus is more common in Friesian horses. This study found abnormal collagen and neural changes in affected horses, suggesting a hereditary cause for this equine condition.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Pathology
  • Equine Medicine
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Megaesophagus (esophageal dilation) is a recognized condition in horses.
  • Friesian horses exhibit a higher prevalence of megaesophagus compared to other breeds.
  • The underlying pathological mechanisms in Friesian horses remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the morphologic and histopathologic changes in the esophagus of Friesian horses with megaesophagus.
  • To compare these changes with those in healthy control horses.
  • To explore potential causes, including hereditary factors, for megaesophagus in this breed.

Main Methods:

  • Necropsy examination of 18 Friesian horses with clinically diagnosed megaesophagus and 6 control horses.
  • Histopathologic analysis of esophageal tissues, focusing on collagen, neural elements, elastin, and muscularis externa.
  • Comparison of findings between affected and control groups.

Main Results:

  • Esophageal dilation was observed in 12 of 18 affected horses, primarily in the thoracic region.
  • Increased deposition of disorganized collagen was noted in the non-dilated portions of the esophagus in affected horses.
  • Reduced neural elements and elastin, along with degeneration/necrosis of the tunica muscularis, were prevalent in horses with megaesophagus.
  • No significant differences were found in inflammation, mineralization, or Cajal cell counts.

Conclusions:

  • Muscular hypertrophy is not the primary cause of megaesophagus in Friesian horses.
  • Abnormal collagen deposition and neural/elastin deficits are key histopathologic findings.
  • The high prevalence in Friesians and early onset of collagen abnormalities support a hereditary basis for megaesophagus in this breed.