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Minerals are essential nutrients that the human body needs in small amounts to work properly. They play a vital role in many bodily functions, such as building strong bones and transmitting nerve impulses. Some minerals are needed for hormone production or to maintain a normal heartbeat. Major minerals include calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, sodium, chlorine, and magnesium, while trace minerals include iron, manganese, copper, iodine, zinc, cobalt, fluoride, and selenium.
 
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Consuming animal-based products offers high-quality proteins that contain optimal levels and combinations of essential amino acids, crucial for tissue repair and growth. Foods like eggs, milk, fish, and most meats are a source of complete proteins. Legumes and cereals are abundant in proteins; however, they typically lack a full range of essential amino acids. As a result, they are considered incomplete protein sources. Some plant sources like soybeans, quinoa, and amaranth do contain complete...
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Assessing Mineral Availability in Fish Feeds using Complementary Methods Demonstrated with the Example of Zinc in Atlantic Salmon
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Zinc and vegetarian diets.

Angela V Saunders1, Winston J Craig2, Surinder K Baines3

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Well-planned vegetarian diets adequately supply zinc. Vegetarians efficiently absorb and retain zinc, showing similar serum levels and no higher deficiency risk than non-vegetarians.

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Area of Science:

  • Nutrition Science
  • Dietary Research

Background:

  • Vegetarian diets may raise concerns about zinc adequacy.
  • Plant-based diets contain phytates that can inhibit zinc absorption.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate zinc status in vegetarians.
  • To identify plant-based zinc sources and absorption enhancers.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of vegetarian diets and zinc metabolism.
  • Analysis of zinc absorption factors, including phytates and food processing.

Main Results:

  • Adequate zinc is achievable from vegetarian sources like whole grains, legumes, nuts, seeds, and fortified foods.
  • Food processing methods (soaking, sprouting, fermenting) reduce phytate inhibition.
  • Vegetarians exhibit enhanced zinc absorption and retention, maintaining similar serum zinc levels to non-vegetarians.

Conclusions:

  • Vegetarian diets can provide sufficient zinc.
  • Dietary strategies and food preparation enhance zinc bioavailability.
  • Vegetarians do not have an increased risk of zinc deficiency.