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Coherence between Brain Cortical Function and Neurocognitive Performance during Changed Gravity Conditions
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Cognitive neuroscience in space.

Gabriel G De la Torre1

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Cadiz, Campus Río San Pedro S/N, 11510 Puerto Real (Cadiz), Spain. gabriel.delatorre@uca.es.

Life (Basel, Switzerland)
|November 6, 2014
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Summary

Space travel challenges human adaptability, impacting cognitive and motor skills. This review explores neurocognitive effects of spaceflight and future research needs for long-duration missions.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Space Medicine
  • Human Factors

Background:

  • Humans are highly adaptable but space presents extreme stress.
  • Astronauts face unique environmental challenges impacting performance.
  • Terrestrial stress research indicates potential for cognitive decline in space.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on neurocognitive and neuropsychological parameters in spaceflight.
  • To identify factors affecting cognitive performance during space missions.
  • To discuss future challenges for cognitive neuroscience in deep space exploration.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of spaceflight and analog mission studies.
  • Analysis of environmental factors and their impact on neurocognition.

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  • Examination of tools for assessing and counteracting performance deficits.

    • Main Results:

    • Spaceflight degrades psychomotor functions, including postural control, movement accuracy, timekeeping, attention, and task management.
    • Factors like illness, radiation, and medication can further impair neurocognitive performance.
    • Tools like computerized tests and exercise devices are used to mitigate deficits.

    Conclusions:

    • Understanding neurocognitive impacts is crucial for astronaut health and mission success.
    • Long-term adaptation of the brain to deep space remains largely unknown.
    • Further research is needed to address cognitive challenges for future interplanetary missions.