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Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology

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Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting movement, with additional non-motor features. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, and cellular dysfunction, including dopaminergic neuron loss, protein aggregation, and mitochondrial impairment.Selective NeurodegenerationA key feature is the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to reduced...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 21, 2026

Traditional Trail Making Test Modified into Brand-new Assessment Tools: Digital and Walking Trail Making Test

Published on: November 23, 2019

Multidirectional walk test in individuals with Parkinson's disease: a validity study.

Mon S Bryant¹, Craig D Workman, George R Jackson

¹aResearch Service, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine bDepartment of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation cDepartment of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston dParkinson's Disease Research Education and Clinical Center, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center eNeurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.

International Journal of Rehabilitation Research. Internationale Zeitschrift Fur Rehabilitationsforschung. Revue Internationale De Recherches De Readaptation

|November 6, 2014

Summary

A quick timed test accurately measures gait parameters like speed and stride length for forward, backward, and sideways walking. This overground walk test shows excellent agreement with instrumented walkways, validating its clinical use.

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Last Updated: Apr 21, 2026

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Published on: January 15, 2016

Area of Science:

Biomechanics
Clinical Gait Analysis

Background:

Gait analysis is crucial for evaluating mobility and detecting neurological or musculoskeletal disorders.
Instrumented walkways provide precise gait measurements but can be costly and less accessible.
Developing accessible and valid methods for gait parameter assessment is essential for widespread clinical application.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess the validity of an overground walk test for measuring gait parameters.
To compare gait metrics obtained from the overground test with those from an instrumented GAITRite walkway.
To determine the reliability of the overground test for forward, backward, and sideways walking.

Main Methods:

Participants performed forward, backward, and sideways walks at self-selected speeds overground.
Gait parameters including gait speed, cadence, and stride length were recorded.
Measurements were compared against data from an instrumented GAITRite walkway using intraclass correlation coefficients.

Main Results:

High intraclass correlation coefficients (0.75–0.94) were observed across all gait directions and parameters.
Excellent agreement was found between overground and instrumented walkway measures for gait speed, cadence, and stride length.
The overground walk test demonstrated high reliability for assessing various gait patterns.

Conclusions:

The overground walk test provides quantitative and valid gait data comparable to instrumented walkways.
This quick timed test is a reliable tool for clinical gait evaluation.
The overground method offers a practical and accessible alternative for gait parameter assessment.