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Updated: Apr 21, 2026

Manufacturing Simple and Inexpensive Soil Surface Temperature and Gravimetric Water Content Sensors
Published on: December 21, 2019
João L M P de Lima1, João R C B Abrantes1, Valdemir P Silva2
1Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology of the University of Coimbra (FCTUC), Rua Luís Reis Santos, Campus II, University of Coimbra, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal ; Institute of Marine Research, IMAR/MARE, Coimbra, Portugal.
Infrared thermography can map soil macropores and estimate their size. This technique aids understanding soil hydraulic properties and water flow dynamics.
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