Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Oxidation of Alcohols02:37

Oxidation of Alcohols

11.8K
In this lesson, the oxidation of alcohols is discussed in depth. The various reagents used for oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols are detailed, and their mechanism of action is provided.
The process of oxidation in a chemical reaction is observed in any of the three forms:
11.8K
Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones01:17

Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones

4.5K
In the presence of oxidizing agents, phenols are oxidized to quinones. Quinones can be easily reduced back to phenols using mild reducing agents. The electron-donating hydroxyl group enhances the reactivity of the aromatic ring, enabling oxidation of the ring even in the absence of an α hydrogen.
o-hydroxy phenols are oxidized to o-quinones and p-hydroxy phenols to p-quinones. Such redox reactions involve the transfer of two electrons and two protons. The reversible redox...
4.5K
Radical Oxidation of Allylic and Benzylic Alcohols01:21

Radical Oxidation of Allylic and Benzylic Alcohols

2.2K
Activated manganese(IV) oxide can selectively oxidize allylic and benzylic alcohols via a radical intermediate mechanism. Primary allylic alcohols are oxidized to aldehydes, while secondary allylic alcohols yield ketones. The redox reaction of potassium permanganate with an Mn(II) salt such as manganese sulfate (under either alkaline or acidic conditions), followed by thorough drying, yields the oxidizing agent: activated MnO2. While MnO2 is insoluble in the solvents used for the reaction, the...
2.2K
Radical Autoxidation01:20

Radical Autoxidation

2.5K
The oxidation of an organic compound in the presence of air or oxygen is called autoxidation. For example, cumene reacts with oxygen to form hydroperoxide. Autoxidation involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. Many organic compounds are susceptible to autoxidation—especially ethers in the presence of oxygen, which form hydroperoxides. Even though this reaction is slow, old ether bottles contain small amounts of peroxide, which leads to laboratory explosions during ether...
2.5K
Preparation of Aldehydes and Ketones from Alcohols, Alkenes, and Alkynes01:33

Preparation of Aldehydes and Ketones from Alcohols, Alkenes, and Alkynes

6.0K
Aldehydes and ketones are prepared from alcohols, alkenes, and alkynes via different reaction pathways. Alcohols are the most commonly used substrates for synthesizing aldehydes and ketones. The conversion of alcohol to aldehyde, which involves the oxidation process, depends on the class of the alcohol used and the strength of the oxidizing agent. For instance, primary alcohol will form an aldehyde when treated with a weak oxidizing agent; however, it gets over-oxidized to a carboxylic acid in...
6.0K
Oxidations of Aldehydes and Ketones to Carboxylic Acids01:15

Oxidations of Aldehydes and Ketones to Carboxylic Acids

5.7K
Oxidation of aldehydes and ketones results in the formation of carboxylic acids. Aldehydes, bearing hydrogen next to the carbonyl group, are easily oxidized compared to ketones. This is because an aldehydic proton can easily be abstracted during oxidation.
Aldehydes readily undergo oxidation in strong oxidizing agents such as potassium permanganate and chromic acid. The oxidation can also be carried out using mild oxidizing agents such as silver oxide. In fact, aldehydes can be easily oxidized...
5.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Recent advances in microbial production of odd-chain fatty acids.

World journal of microbiology & biotechnology·2026
Same author

Substitution of Zn<sup>2+</sup> with Ni<sup>2+</sup> Alters Kinetic Steps in D‑2-Hydroxyglutarate Dehydrogenase from <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> PAO1.

ACS omega·2026
Same author

Mechanistic and Molecular Dynamics Studies Reveal that Increased Loop 3 Mobility Alters Substrate Capture in an NADH:Quinone Oxidoreductase.

Biochemistry·2025
Same author

Stereochemistry and Charged State Influence Effector Outcomes of d-2-Hydroxyglutarate Dehydrogenase Ligands.

Biochemistry·2025
Same author

Detection and Analysis of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS): Buffer Components Are Not Bystanders.

Analytical chemistry·2025
Same author

Synthesis of 19-Hydroxyarachidonic Acid by Fungal Peroxygenases: An Experimental and Computational Study.

ChemSusChem·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 21, 2026

Monitoring the Reductive and Oxidative Half-Reactions of a Flavin-Dependent Monooxygenase using Stopped-Flow Spectrophotometry
12:08

Monitoring the Reductive and Oxidative Half-Reactions of a Flavin-Dependent Monooxygenase using Stopped-Flow Spectrophotometry

Published on: March 18, 2012

17.6K

Alcohol oxidation by flavoenzymes.

Elvira Romero, Giovanni Gadda

    Biomolecular Concepts
    |November 6, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Flavoenzymes oxidize hydroxyl groups, likely via hydride transfer mechanisms involving active site histidine. Kinetic isotope effect studies support this, aiding in developing industrial biocatalysts and drugs.

    More Related Videos

    Light-driven Enzymatic Decarboxylation
    09:58

    Light-driven Enzymatic Decarboxylation

    Published on: May 22, 2016

    12.3K
    Directed Evolution Method in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Mutant Library Creation and Screening
    10:50

    Directed Evolution Method in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Mutant Library Creation and Screening

    Published on: April 1, 2016

    10.3K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Apr 21, 2026

    Monitoring the Reductive and Oxidative Half-Reactions of a Flavin-Dependent Monooxygenase using Stopped-Flow Spectrophotometry
    12:08

    Monitoring the Reductive and Oxidative Half-Reactions of a Flavin-Dependent Monooxygenase using Stopped-Flow Spectrophotometry

    Published on: March 18, 2012

    17.6K
    Light-driven Enzymatic Decarboxylation
    09:58

    Light-driven Enzymatic Decarboxylation

    Published on: May 22, 2016

    12.3K
    Directed Evolution Method in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Mutant Library Creation and Screening
    10:50

    Directed Evolution Method in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Mutant Library Creation and Screening

    Published on: April 1, 2016

    10.3K

    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Enzymology

    Background:

    • Flavoenzymes, including those in the glucose-methanol-choline oxidoreductase superfamily and l-α-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase family, are crucial biocatalysts.
    • These enzymes primarily catalyze the oxidation of hydroxyl groups to carbonyl moieties.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the occurrence, properties, and substrate specificity of key flavoenzymes.
    • To elucidate the reaction mechanisms, particularly hydride transfer, of these enzymes.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing experimental evidence on flavoenzyme mechanisms.
    • Analysis of kinetic isotope effect studies (primary substrate and solvent deuterium).

    Main Results:

    • A hydride transfer mechanism is most plausible for flavoenzymes acting on CH-OH groups.
    • Proton abstraction by a conserved active site histidine initiates the reaction.
    • Kinetic isotope effect studies provide strong evidence for proposed mechanisms.

    Conclusions:

    • Understanding flavoenzyme mechanisms is vital for their application.
    • These enzymes hold potential for developing efficient industrial biocatalysts and therapeutic drugs.