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Time trends in method-specific suicide rates in Japan, 1990-2011.

E Yoshioka1, S J Hanley2, Y Kawanishi1

  • 1Department of Health Science,Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa,Japan.

Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences
|November 7, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Suicide trends in Japan show specific methods like hanging and jumping initially increased rates. After 2000, overdose and gases also contributed to rising suicide rates, particularly in younger adults.

Keywords:
Epidemiologymethodssuicidetime trends

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Sociology

Background:

  • Recent unfavorable suicide mortality trends in Japan are not well understood regarding specific method contributions.
  • Analyzing method-specific trends can inform strategies for restricting access to popular suicide methods and reducing overall rates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess recent trends in method-specific suicide rates by gender and age in Japan.
  • To identify which suicide methods have most significantly contributed to observed mortality trends.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Vital Statistics of Japan data (1990-2011) for suicide mortality and population figures.
  • Calculated method-specific mortality rates for seven categories (overdose, gases, hanging, drowning, cutting, jumping, other).
  • Applied joinpoint regression analysis to quantify changes across age groups (15-65+ years).

Main Results:

  • Overall suicide rates increased sharply for all ages until the late 1990s, driven by hanging and jumping.
  • After 2000, increasing trends were observed in younger adults (15-44 years), with overdose, gases, and hanging as key contributors.

Conclusions:

  • Different suicide methods have varied impacts on overall suicide trends in Japan.
  • Further research into factors driving increases in overdose, gases, hanging, and jumping suicides is crucial for developing effective means restriction strategies.