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Related Concept Videos

Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:24

Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

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PathophysiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. It results from interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and metabolic stressors, such as overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle.Insulin Resistance and Glucose DysregulationEarly T2DM involves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver.
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Type II Diabetes I: Introduction01:26

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction

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Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...
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Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis01:25

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Type 2 diabetes mellitus develops gradually and is often asymptomatic in early stages.Clinical ManifestationsWhen symptoms appear, they include fatigue, blurred vision, pruritus, delayed wound healing, and recurrent infections, particularly candidal infections. Peripheral neuropathy may present as numbness or tingling in the extremities. Classic hyperglycemia symptoms—polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia—are less common. Most patients are overweight and frequently have associated...
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Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
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Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:26

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Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular...
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Type I Diabetes III: Clinical Manifestations01:19

Type I Diabetes III: Clinical Manifestations

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Type 1 diabetes mellitus typically presents with rapid-onset symptoms due to the body’s inability to utilize glucose in the absence of insulin. Since insulin is required for glucose uptake into cells, its deficiency leads to hyperglycemia and cellular energy deprivation, resulting in characteristic clinical features.Polyuria and PolydipsiaOne of the earliest, most prominent symptoms is polyuria (excessive urination). When blood glucose concentrations rise above the renal threshold, the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 21, 2026

Live Images of GLUT4 Protein Trafficking in Mouse Primary Hypothalamic Neurons Using Deconvolution Microscopy
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Increased circulating RANTES in type 2 diabetes.

Marzena Dworacka1, Ewa Krzyżagórska2, Saule Iskakova3

  • 1Department of Pharmacology Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 5a, 60-805 Poznań, Poland.

European Cytokine Network
|November 7, 2014
PubMed
Summary

In type 2 diabetes, elevated RANTES levels are linked to postprandial hyperglycemia, specifically indicated by 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol (1,5-AG) levels. This suggests RANTES may be a marker for acute glycemic control issues in diabetic atherosclerosis.

Keywords:
15-anhydro-D-glucitolRANTESpostprandial hyperglycaemiatype 2 diabetes

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Immunology
  • Cardiovascular Research

Background:

  • RANTES (Regulated on Activation, Normal T Cell Expressed and Secreted) is implicated in atherosclerosis.
  • Its role in type 2 diabetes (T2D) is significant, but the primary drivers of its serum levels in T2D patients remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between various diabetes-related risk factors and serum RANTES levels in patients with T2D.
  • To identify key factors influencing RANTES concentrations in this population.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 138 T2D patients and 30 controls were analyzed.
  • Measurements included fasting glucose, HbA1c, lipid profile, 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol (1,5-AG), homocysteine, C-peptide, and serum RANTES.
  • Peripheral insulin resistance was assessed using the Ohkura index.

Main Results:

  • Serum RANTES levels in T2D patients correlated with 1,5-AG, fasting glucose, HbA1c, and the Ohkura index.
  • Multivariate analysis indicated that 1,5-AG plasma levels were the primary determinant of serum RANTES concentrations.
  • RANTES levels were closely associated with postprandial (acute) hyperglycemia.

Conclusions:

  • Increased serum RANTES in T2D patients is strongly linked to postprandial hyperglycemia.
  • 1,5-AG may serve as a key indicator of acute glycemic excursions affecting RANTES levels.
  • These findings highlight a potential marker for glycemic control in T2D-related atherosclerosis.