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An ionic compound is stable because of the electrostatic attraction between its positive and negative ions. The lattice energy of a compound is a measure of the strength of this attraction. The lattice energy (ΔHlattice) of an ionic compound is defined as the energy required to separate one mole of the solid into its component gaseous ions. For the ionic solid sodium chloride, the lattice energy is the enthalpy change of the process:
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Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
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Lattice dynamics in intermetallic Mg2Ge and Mg2Si.

D Bessas1, R E Simon, K Friese

  • 1Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS and Peter Grünberg Institut PGI, JARA-FIT, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Jülich, Germany. Faculté des Sciences, Université de Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium. European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, F-38043, Grenoble, France.

Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal
|November 7, 2014
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Summary

Mg(2)Ge and Mg(2)Si lattice dynamics were compared using experiments and theory. Mg(2)Ge exhibits higher thermal expansion and anharmonicity than Mg(2)Si, indicating differences in elemental bonding influence vibrational states.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid State Physics
  • Thermodynamics

Background:

  • Understanding lattice dynamics is crucial for thermoelectric materials.
  • Polycrystalline Mg(2)Ge and Mg(2)Si are intermetallic compounds with potential applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the lattice dynamics of Mg(2)Ge and Mg(2)Si.
  • To investigate the factors contributing to differences in their vibrational properties.

Main Methods:

  • Combined experimental techniques: inelastic neutron scattering, calorimetry, and Raman scattering.
  • Theoretical calculations: density functional theory.
  • Microscopic and macroscopic measurements.

Main Results:

  • Volume thermal expansion coefficients determined: 4.37(5)·10⁻⁵ K⁻¹ for Mg(2)Ge and 3.69(5)·10⁻⁵ K⁻¹ for Mg(2)Si.
  • Phonon density of states from neutron scattering align with theoretical predictions.
  • Macroscopic Grüneisen parameters estimated: γ(Mg(2)Si) = 1.17(5) and γ(Mg(2)Ge) = 1.46(5), consistent with Raman data.

Conclusions:

  • Mg(2)Ge shows greater anharmonicity and thermal expansion compared to Mg(2)Si.
  • Mass homology alone does not explain differences in vibrational states; elemental bonding plays a significant role.