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Horizontal transfer generates genetic variation in an asexual pathogen.

Xiaoqiu Huang1

  • 1Department of Computer Science and Plant Sciences Institute, Iowa State University , Ames, IA , USA.

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|November 7, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Genetic variation in the asexual pathogen Verticillium dahliae is primarily driven by horizontal gene transfer and chromosomal reshuffling within lineage-specific regions. These dynamic regions show recent horizontal transfer, contributing to pathogen diversity.

Keywords:
Asexual reproductionGenetic variationHorizontal transferLineage-specific regionsNonhomologous recombinationVerticillium dahliae

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Microbiology
  • Plant Pathology

Background:

  • Verticillium dahliae is an asexual, haploid pathogen with significant genetic variation between strains.
  • Understanding the mechanisms generating this variation, including single-nucleotide polymorphisms and chromosomal rearrangements, remains incomplete.
  • Lineage-specific (LS) regions, comprising ~5% of the genome, exhibit high variability, but the role of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of horizontal gene transfer in generating genetic variation within Verticillium dahliae.
  • To analyze the genetic makeup of LS regions and their contribution to strain diversity.
  • To compare genetic conservation of LS regions between V. dahliae and a related species.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of a previously sequenced population of nine Verticillium dahliae strains.
  • Comparative genomic analysis focusing on lineage-specific regions.
  • Identification and characterization of recombination events and sequence homology.

Main Results:

  • Lineage-specific regions contain highly homologous elements, with strain JR2 showing particular richness.
  • Structural forms of nonhomologous recombination and multiple homologous sequence types were identified in LS regions.
  • Evidence suggests recent horizontal gene transfer into LS regions, with some conserved across closely related species.

Conclusions:

  • Horizontal gene transfer is a major driver of genetic variation in Verticillium dahliae's lineage-specific regions.
  • LS regions are dynamic and contribute significantly to the pathogen's adaptability and diversity.
  • The findings challenge previous assumptions about genetic variation generation in clonal asexual organisms.