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Related Concept Videos

Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle01:22

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The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH...
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Vasectomy is a surgical form of male sterilization that involves severing and sealing the vasa deferentia, preventing sperm from mixing with semen during ejaculation. Because a vasectomy does not impact the testes' ability to produce testosterone, hormone levels, libido, and sexual function generally remain unchanged. While vasectomy is highly effective in preventing pregnancy, with a success rate near 99.85%, rare cases of recanalization (spontaneous reconnection) can occur. Although...
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The female reproductive system can be affected by several disorders, including Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS), Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD), endometriosis, and various forms of cancer. PMS and PMDD are cyclical conditions that cause physical and emotional distress, with symptoms that include edema, mood swings, and food cravings. PMDD is a more severe form of PMS characterized by increased symptom severity that peaks during the luteal phase and tends to improve or resolve shortly after...
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The Menstrual Cycle01:19

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The menstrual cycle is a recurrent sequence of changes in the uterine endometrium, specifically its functional layer, the stratum functionalis. This cycle prepares the uterus for potential pregnancy. This cycle typically spans 21–35 days, averaging 28 days, and aligns with the ovarian cycle, regulated by fluctuating levels of ovarian hormones, primarily estrogen and progesterone.
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Menses Phase01:18

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The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
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Herbs-Partitioned Moxibustion on the Navel in a Rat Model of Primary Dysmenorrhea with Cold Coagulation and Blood Stasis
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Menstrual suppression in special circumstances.

Yolanda A Kirkham1, Melanie P Ornstein1, Anjali Aggarwal1

  • 1Toronto ON.

Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada : JOGC = Journal D'Obstetrique Et Gynecologie Du Canada : JOGC
|November 7, 2014
PubMed
Summary

This Canadian guideline offers recommendations for menstrual suppression in women with disabilities or undergoing cancer treatment. It details safe and effective options for managing menstruation when it poses health risks.

Keywords:
amenorrheachemotherapycontraceptiondisabilitymenstrual suppressionmenstruationradiation

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Area of Science:

  • Gynecology
  • Oncology
  • Reproductive Health

Background:

  • Menstruation can negatively impact health in patients with physical/cognitive challenges or those undergoing cancer treatment.
  • Existing guidelines for menstrual suppression in these specific populations are limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a Canadian consensus document for healthcare providers.
  • To offer recommendations for menstrual suppression in at-risk patient groups.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature search of Medline, EMBASE, OVID, and Cochrane Library.
  • Inclusion of systematic reviews, RCTs, and observational studies up to September 2013.
  • Assessment of evidence quality using the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care criteria.

Main Results:

  • Menstrual suppression is a safe and viable option for women desiring fewer or no menses.
  • Combined hormonal or progesterone-only products are effective for continuous menstrual suppression.
  • Gynaecologic consultation is recommended for premenopausal women at risk of abnormal uterine bleeding during chemotherapy.

Conclusions:

  • Healthcare providers need specific guidelines for menstrual suppression in at-risk populations.
  • Menstrual suppression should not be initiated in young women with developmental disabilities before menarche.
  • Hormonal therapies and GnRH agonists are effective in managing abnormal uterine bleeding during cancer treatment.