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Taras Bryk1, Federico Gorelli2, Giancarlo Ruocco3

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Supercritical fluids exhibit liquid- and gas-like behaviors identified by hypersonic wave dispersion. Transport property extrema robustly define boundaries between these regions, even without a liquid-gas line.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Thermodynamic distinction between liquid and gas phases vanishes at the critical point.
  • Supercritical fluids can exhibit reminiscence of gaslike and liquidlike behaviors.
  • Hypersonic wave dispersion encodes these behaviors in the supercritical region.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To accurately determine the dispersion of longitudinal and transverse collective excitations in soft-sphere fluids.
  • To investigate the decreasing rigidity upon density reduction along an isothermal line.
  • To provide a robust definition for the boundary between liquidlike and gaslike regions in supercritical fluids.

Main Methods:

  • Molecular dynamics simulations.
  • Calculations using the approach of generalized collective modes.
  • Analysis of sound dispersion, thermal diffusivity, and kinematic viscosity.

Main Results:

  • Positive sound dispersion shows nonmonotonic density dependence correlated with thermal diffusivity and kinematic viscosity.
  • Extrema in transport properties (thermal diffusivity, kinematic viscosity) robustly define boundaries between liquidlike and gaslike regions.
  • This definition is valid even for systems lacking a liquid-gas binodal line.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a new method for distinguishing liquidlike and gaslike behaviors in supercritical fluids.
  • Transport property extrema offer a robust, universally applicable definition for supercritical fluid phase boundaries.
  • Findings align with and extend current understanding of supercritical fluid properties and phase behavior.