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Individual molecules in a gas move in random directions, but a gas containing numerous molecules has a predictable distribution of molecular speeds, which is known as the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution, f(v).
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The motion of molecules in a gas is random in magnitude and direction for individual molecules, but a gas of many molecules has a predictable distribution of molecular speeds. This predictable distribution of molecular speeds is known as the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution. The distribution of molecular speeds in liquids is comparable to that of gases but not identical and can help to understand the phenomenon of the boiling and vapor pressure of a liquid. Consider that a molecule requires a...
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The kinetic model of gases explains the properties of a perfect gas using three main assumptions: molecules move in ceaseless random motion, their size is negligible compared to the distances between them, and they do not interact except during perfectly elastic collisions. The total energy of a gas is the sum of the kinetic energies of all its constituent molecules. The pressure exerted by the gas arises from the continual bombardment of the container walls by billions of colliding molecules.
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Understanding steady, laminar flow between parallel plates is essential for analyzing and designing flow in narrow rectangular channels, commonly found in various water conveyance and drainage systems. The Navier-Stokes equations govern fluid motion and are generally challenging to solve due to their nonlinearity. However, simplifications are possible in certain cases, like the steady laminar flow between parallel plates. For this scenario, we assume steady, incompressible, laminar flow.
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Fluid dynamics is the study of fluids in motion. Velocity vectors are often used to illustrate fluid motion in applications like meteorology. For example, wind—the fluid motion of air in the atmosphere—can be represented by vectors indicating the speed and direction of the wind at any given point on a map. Another method for representing fluid motion is a streamline. A streamline represents the path of a small volume of fluid as it flows. When the flow pattern changes with time, the...
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Maxwell's thermodynamic relations are very useful in solving problems in thermodynamics. Each of Maxwell's relations relates a partial differential between quantities that can be hard to measure experimentally to a partial differential between quantities that can be easily measured. These relations are a set of equations derivable from the symmetry of the second derivatives and the thermodynamic potentials.
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Multispeed entropic lattice Boltzmann model for thermal flows.

N Frapolli1, S S Chikatamarla1, I V Karlin1

  • 1Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|November 7, 2014
PubMed
Summary

A new energy-conserving lattice Boltzmann model, using entropic principles, accurately simulates thermal flows by reproducing Fourier-Navier-Stokes equations. This method enhances direct numerical simulations and ensures model stability for complex geometries and subgrid simulations.

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Area of Science:

  • Computational Fluid Dynamics
  • Thermodynamics
  • Numerical Analysis

Background:

  • Existing lattice Boltzmann models face challenges in accurately simulating thermal flows.
  • Higher-order lattice methods require robust entropic frameworks for stability.
  • Direct numerical simulation of complex thermal phenomena remains computationally intensive.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an energy-conserving lattice Boltzmann model based on entropic theory for accurate thermal flow simulation.
  • To enable direct numerical simulation of thermal flows by preserving exact space discretization of the advection step.
  • To introduce a novel thermal wall boundary condition for curved geometries in multispeed lattices.

Main Methods:

  • Construction of an energy-conserving lattice Boltzmann model using an entropy-supporting 'zero-one-three' lattice.
  • Reproduction of full Fourier-Navier-Stokes equations at low Mach numbers.
  • Extension of the Tamm-Mott-Smith boundary condition for thermal wall applications in curved geometries.

Main Results:

  • The model successfully reproduces the Fourier-Navier-Stokes equations, demonstrating its capability for thermal flow simulation.
  • The entropic realization ensures model stability, even for subgrid simulations.
  • Numerical validation confirmed thermodynamic consistency across various classical setups.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed lattice Boltzmann model offers a direct approach for thermal flow simulations, overcoming limitations of existing methods.
  • The novel boundary condition facilitates simulations in complex, curved geometries.
  • The entropic framework provides a stable and accurate platform for direct numerical simulation of thermal phenomena.