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Related Concept Videos

Colors and Magnetism03:02

Colors and Magnetism

14.9K
Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human...
14.9K
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

11.9K
Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
11.9K
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

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Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than...
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Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

32.3K
Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
32.3K
Coordination Number and Geometry02:57

Coordination Number and Geometry

20.2K
For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.
20.2K
Structural Isomerism02:34

Structural Isomerism

22.7K
Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 21, 2026

Line Shape Analysis of Dynamic NMR Spectra for Characterizing Coordination Sphere Rearrangements at a Chiral Rhenium Polyhydride Complex
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Line Shape Analysis of Dynamic NMR Spectra for Characterizing Coordination Sphere Rearrangements at a Chiral Rhenium Polyhydride Complex

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Multiferroic rhodium clusters.

Lei Ma1, Ramiro Moro2, John Bowlan1

  • 1School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|November 7, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Rhodium clusters exhibit surprising ferromagnetism and ferroelectricity at low temperatures, a phenomenon absent in bulk rhodium. These findings reveal multiferroic behavior in pure metal clusters, with properties diminishing at larger sizes.

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Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of ChalcogenidoplumbatesII or IV
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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Bulk rhodium metal is neither ferromagnetic nor ferroelectric.
  • Understanding magnetic and electric properties of metal clusters is crucial for novel materials development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the magnetic and electric properties of rhodium clusters (Rh(N), 6 ≤ N ≤ 40).
  • To determine the coexistence and size-dependence of ferromagnetism and ferroelectricity in these clusters.
  • To explore potential multiferroic behavior in pure metal clusters.

Main Methods:

  • Simultaneous magnetic and electric deflection measurements were performed on rhodium clusters.
  • Cluster sizes ranged from N = 6 to N = 40.
  • Temperature-dependent properties were analyzed to determine transition temperatures and magnetic moments.

Main Results:

  • Ferromagnetism and ferroelectricity were observed in rhodium clusters at low temperatures.
  • Temperature-independent magnetic moments up to 1 μ(B)/atom and superparamagnetic blocking up to 20 K were measured.
  • Ferroelectric dipole moments of ~1D and transition temperatures up to 30 K were detected.
  • Both ferromagnetism and ferroelectricity diminished with increasing cluster size, vanishing by N=40.
  • Anticorrelated variations in transition temperatures were observed for n = 6-25.
  • Ferroelectric properties suggest a Jahn-Teller ground state.

Conclusions:

  • Rhodium clusters exhibit coexisting ferromagnetism and ferroelectricity, demonstrating multiferroic behavior.
  • These properties are size-dependent and unique to the cluster form, not present in bulk rhodium.
  • The findings open new avenues for designing advanced materials with tunable magnetic and electric properties.