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A review: Radiographic iodinated contrast media-induced thyroid dysfunction.

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Excess iodine from radiological contrast media can cause thyroid dysfunction, especially in vulnerable patients. Close monitoring and timely treatment are crucial for those at risk.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Radiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Thyroid hormone synthesis relies on adequate iodine intake.
  • Excess iodine exposure can trigger thyroid dysfunction in susceptible individuals.
  • Radiological iodinated contrast media are a significant source of excess iodine.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the thyroidal response to acute excess iodine exposure.
  • To discuss contrast iodine-induced thyroid dysfunction.
  • To identify at-risk populations and provide assessment/treatment recommendations.

Main Methods:

  • Literature search of PubMed and Google Scholar.
  • Review of relevant articles published between 1948 and 2014.

Main Results:

  • Increasing use of computed tomography scans correlates with rising contrast-induced thyroid dysfunction.
  • Vulnerable populations (fetus, neonate, renal impairment) face heightened risks.
  • Iodinated contrast media pose a growing threat for thyroid dysfunction.

Conclusions:

  • Patients at risk require close monitoring post-contrast media administration.
  • Prompt treatment is necessary for contrast iodine-induced thyroid dysfunction.
  • Proactive management is essential given the increasing use of contrast agents.