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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 21, 2026

Paradigms of Lower Extremity Electrical Stimulation Training After Spinal Cord Injury
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Can FES-rowing mediate bone mineral density in SCI: a pilot study.

R S Gibbons1, I D McCarthy2, A Gall3

  • 1Centre for Sports Medicine and Human Performance, Brunel University, London, UK.

Spinal Cord
|November 8, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Functional electrical stimulation-rowing (FES-R) training may help prevent bone loss in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). This case study showed improved bone mineral density and joint forces in an FES-R trained participant with SCI.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Rehabilitation Medicine
  • Bone Physiology

Background:

  • Spinal cord injury (SCI) often leads to significant bone loss, increasing fracture risk, particularly in the lower extremities.
  • Trabecular bone mineral density (BMD) and joint contact forces (JCFs) are critical indicators of bone health and mechanical loading.
  • Functional electrical stimulation-rowing (FES-R) is an emerging therapeutic modality for individuals with SCI.

Observation:

  • This study presents a single case of a participant with complete SCI who underwent long-term FES-R training.
  • Proximal tibia trabecular BMD and lower limb JCFs were measured and compared to established SCI and non-SCI group norms.
  • Peripheral quantitative computerised tomography (pQCT) was used for BMD assessment, and an instrumented FES-R system for JCF measurement.

Findings:

  • The FES-R trained participant exhibited higher proximal tibial trabecular BMD compared to SCI norms, though lower than non-SCI norms.
  • The participant's BMD values were above the threshold for non-traumatic fracture.
  • Knee JCFs exceeded the threshold for mediating BMD in SCI, while hip and ankle JCFs remained below this threshold.

Implications:

  • The findings suggest that FES-R training may offer therapeutic benefits in mitigating bone loss after SCI, particularly at the knee.
  • Elevated tibial BMD provides circumstantial evidence for osteogenesis, warranting further investigation.
  • Larger studies with multi-channel FES are needed to confirm clinical significance and optimize loading at the hip and ankle.