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Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

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The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent...
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Circadian rhythms are cyclic changes that are crucial in plasma drug concentrations. Various standard circadian parameters, including core body temperature, heart rate, and other cardiovascular factors, directly impact disease states and the therapeutic response to drug therapy.
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The circadian—or biological—clock is an intrinsic, timekeeping, molecular mechanism that allows plants to coordinate physiological activities over 24-hour cycles called circadian rhythms. Photoperiodism is a collective term for the biological responses of plants to variations in the relative lengths of dark and light periods. The period of light-exposure is called the photoperiod.
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Related Experiment Video

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Collecting Sleep, Circadian, Fatigue, and Performance Data in Complex Operational Environments
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[Sleep and biological clock in the elderly].

Mirjam Münch1

  • 1Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institut für Physiologie, Arbeitsgruppe Schlafforschung und Klinische Chronobiologie, Berlin.

Therapeutische Umschau. Revue Therapeutique
|November 8, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

As people age, their sleep patterns change due to shifts in sleep-wake homeostasis and the circadian clock. Older adults experience lighter, less consolidated sleep and are more prone to sleep disturbances.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Chronobiology

Context:

  • Age-related sleep changes in healthy older adults.
  • Focus on the self-regulation of the sleep-wake cycle and circadian clock.
  • Comparison of sleep patterns between younger and older individuals.

Purpose:

  • To provide an overview of the primary factors influencing age-related alterations in sleep-wake behavior.
  • To explain how sleep-wake homeostasis and circadian rhythms are affected by aging.
  • To highlight the increased vulnerability of sleep in older adults to disturbances.

Summary:

  • Healthy older adults exhibit more superficial and less consolidated sleep compared to younger individuals.
  • Older adults tend to advance their sleep timing, going to bed earlier.
  • Sleep in older individuals is more susceptible to disruptions like circadian desynchronization and insufficient daytime light exposure (lack of zeitgebers).

Impact:

  • Informs understanding of normal aging processes related to sleep.
  • Provides insights for interventions aimed at improving sleep quality in older populations.
  • Highlights the importance of environmental cues (zeitgebers) for maintaining healthy sleep patterns in aging individuals.