Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Implicit Memories01:24

Implicit Memories

625
Implicit memories, also known as non-declarative memories, are long-term memories that function outside of conscious awareness. These memories influence behavior and skills without explicit knowledge. This type of memory is evident in tasks like playing tennis, snowboarding, and texting. Implicit memory has three subsystems: procedural memory, conditioning, and priming. This type of memory is essential in various activities, from everyday tasks to specialized skills.
One key aspect of implicit...
625
Eyewitness Memory01:22

Eyewitness Memory

644
Eyewitness memory refers to the recollection of events by someone who has directly witnessed them, often serving as critical evidence in legal settings. This type of memory is commonly used in criminal cases where a witness describes details like a suspect's appearance, clothing, or behavior during a crime. However, despite its perceived reliability, eyewitness memory is prone to significant errors.
One such error is memory distortion, which occurs because human memory does not function...
644
Autobiographical Memory01:14

Autobiographical Memory

7.3K
Autobiographical memory is a unique type of episodic memory that involves recollecting personal life experiences. It allows individuals to remember significant events from their past, creating a narrative of their lives. One interesting phenomenon related to autobiographical memory is the reminiscence bump. This effect refers to the tendency of adults to recall more events from their second and third decades of life — typically between ages 10 to 30 — than from other periods. This...
7.3K
Explicit Memories01:27

Explicit Memories

592
Explicit memories, also known as declarative memories, are consciously remembered, recalled, and reported. Studying for a chemistry exam involves material that will become part of explicit memory. There are two types of explicit memory: episodic and semantic.
Episodic memory contains information about personally experienced events and is reported as a story. An example of episodic memory is recalling a birthday celebration. This type of memory includes the what, where, and when of an event, as...
592
Flashbulb Memory01:16

Flashbulb Memory

484
A flashbulb memory is a highly vivid and detailed memory, often linked to events of significant emotional impact. These memories stand out in contrast to everyday memories due to their clarity and the precision with which they are recalled. The strong emotions associated with the event act as a catalyst, ensuring that specific details, such as one's location, actions, and even peripheral elements, are etched into memory with remarkable accuracy. For example, many people can vividly recall...
484
False Memories01:18

False Memories

685
False memories represent a cognitive distortion in which individuals recall events that did not happen, or remember them in an altered form. This phenomenon highlights the brain's constructive nature in processing and recalling memories, emphasizing that memory is not a perfect representation of past events but rather a dynamic reconstruction influenced by various factors.
One primary source of false memories is misattribution, where individuals incorrectly associate external information...
685

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Prior reward contingencies influence the contents of working memory by biasing attention in space but not in time: Evidence from recognition of sequentially versus simultaneously presented sets of items.

Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition·2026
Same author

Retrieval practice versus generating mnemonics: Implications for study strategy use in chemistry.

Journal of experimental psychology. Applied·2025
Same author

Metacognitive control of workflow enhances stimulus discriminability and reduces signal uncertainty.

Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition·2025
Same author

Changes in recent practices in research and publishing: A view from the Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition.

Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition·2025
Same author

The impact of alcohol intoxication on extended vigilance and rest-break recovery.

Attention, perception & psychophysics·2025
Same author

A wearable alcohol biosensor: Exploring the accuracy of transdermal drinking detection.

Drug and alcohol dependence·2024
Same journal

Music enhances associative generalization: Evidence from a memory integration task.

Memory & cognition·2026
Same journal

Video, text, and memory: An emotional verbal overshadowing effect.

Memory & cognition·2026
Same journal

Limited protective effects of multilingualism against age-related cognitive decline.

Memory & cognition·2026
Same journal

Validation of illustrated texts: Can pictures raise awareness of inconsistencies?

Memory & cognition·2026
Same journal

4I remember (and forget) your happy smiling face: Directed forgetting of emotionally expressive faces of in-group and out-group members.

Memory & cognition·2026
Same journal

Identity in the spotlight: Matching faces without overlapping features.

Memory & cognition·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 21, 2026

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm
06:35

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm

Published on: April 28, 2016

36.0K

Cueing others' memories.

Jonathan G Tullis1, Aaron S Benjamin

  • 1Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA, jonathantullis@gmail.com.

Memory & Cognition
|November 8, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

People create memory cues for themselves and others. When creating cues for others, people use more general associations, which improves recall for the recipient.

More Related Videos

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotional Autobiographical Recollection
11:30

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotional Autobiographical Recollection

Published on: August 26, 2011

10.4K
The Spatial Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition
05:15

The Spatial Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition

Published on: February 19, 2018

11.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 21, 2026

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm
06:35

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm

Published on: April 28, 2016

36.0K
Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotional Autobiographical Recollection
11:30

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotional Autobiographical Recollection

Published on: August 26, 2011

10.4K
The Spatial Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition
05:15

The Spatial Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition

Published on: February 19, 2018

11.5K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Memory Research
  • Human Behavior

Background:

  • External cues are essential for memory retrieval in various contexts, from file naming to educational materials.
  • Individuals often generate cues for themselves or others, impacting memory recall effectiveness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how learners tailor retrieval cues for different intended recipients (self vs. others).
  • To determine the effectiveness of these tailored cues in supporting memory recall.

Main Methods:

  • Three experiments were conducted where participants generated verbal retrieval cues for target words.
  • Cues were generated for oneself or for another person.
  • Cue characteristics (associative strength, number of associations) and generation time were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Cues generated for others exhibited increased normative cue-to-target associative strength and a higher number of associated words compared to self-generated cues.
  • These cues generated for others led to significantly higher recall levels than self-generated cues.
  • Generating cues for others required more time and effort, involving exclusion of personal knowledge and inclusion of shared knowledge.

Conclusions:

  • Learners strategically adapt cue generation for others by leveraging broadly shared knowledge rather than personal episodic memories.
  • This adaptive strategy enhances memory recall for the intended recipient.
  • Understanding cue tailoring provides insights into social cognition and memory optimization.