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Related Concept Videos

Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration01:21

Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration

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Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
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The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
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The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:01

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All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
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Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 21, 2026

CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Editing of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells for Gene Therapy Applications
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Heparan sulfate: a stem cell therapy target?

Timothy S Olson1

  • 1CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL OF PHILADELPHIA; UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA.

Blood
|November 8, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Inhibition of heparan sulfate proteoglycan production by bone marrow stromal cells causes hematopoietic stem cells to leave the bone marrow. This finding reveals a new mechanism regulating stem cell mobilization into circulation.

Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Bone Biology

Background:

  • Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) reside within the bone marrow niche.
  • The bone marrow niche provides signals that regulate HSC behavior, including retention and egress.
  • Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are key components of the extracellular matrix and cell surfaces, implicated in various biological processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of heparan sulfate proteoglycan production by bone marrow osteolineage stromal cells in regulating hematopoietic stem cell localization.
  • To determine the effect of inhibiting HSPG production on HSC egress from the bone marrow niche.

Main Methods:

  • The study involved manipulating heparan sulfate proteoglycan production in bone marrow osteolineage stromal cells.

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  • Hematopoietic stem cell localization and circulation were assessed following the inhibition of HSPG production.

    • Main Results:

    • Inhibition of heparan sulfate proteoglycan production by bone marrow osteolineage stromal cells led to a significant egress of hematopoietic stem cells.
    • Hematopoietic stem cells were observed to migrate from the bone marrow niche into the peripheral circulation.

    Conclusions:

    • Heparan sulfate proteoglycans produced by bone marrow stromal cells are critical for retaining hematopoietic stem cells within the bone marrow niche.
    • Disruption of HSPG production promotes HSC mobilization, suggesting a novel mechanism for controlling stem cell trafficking.