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Related Experiment Videos

Glucose turnover in hyperthyroid patients with normal glucose tolerance.

S G Karlander1, A Khan, A Wajngot

  • 1Department of Endocrinology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
|April 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary

Hyperthyroidism increases glucose production and cycling, contributing to its diabetogenic effects. This study reveals augmented hepatic glucose output and impaired suppression during glucose infusion in hyperthyroid patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Research
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Thyroid hormones significantly influence glucose metabolism.
  • Hyperthyroidism is associated with altered glucose homeostasis, but its precise effects on glucose production and cycling require further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the diabetogenic effects of thyroid hormones by measuring glucose turnover in hyperthyroid patients.
  • To quantify hepatic glucose production and glucose cycling in hyperthyroid versus normal individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Simultaneous measurement of glucose turnover using stable isotopes ([2-3H]glucose and [6-3H]glucose) in six hyperthyroid and six normal subjects.
  • Measurements were conducted in both postabsorptive steady state and during a controlled glucose infusion.

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  • Hepatic total glucose output (HTGO), total glucose phosphorylation, hepatic glucose production (HGP), and irreversible glucose uptake were determined.

    • Main Results:

    • Hyperthyroid patients exhibited increased postabsorptive HTGO and total glucose phosphorylation compared to normal subjects.
    • During glucose infusion, HTGO and HGP were less suppressed in hyperthyroid patients.
    • Glucose cycling was significantly increased in hyperthyroid patients under both postabsorptive and glucose infusion conditions, indicating enhanced glucokinase and glucose-6-phosphatase activity.

    Conclusions:

    • Increased hepatic glucose production and cycling are key features of hyperthyroidism, particularly during glucose challenges.
    • The diabetogenic potential of hyperthyroidism may stem from augmented glucose production, potentially linked to elevated glucose-6-phosphatase activity.