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Bats jamming bats: food competition through sonar interference.

Aaron J Corcoran1, William E Conner2

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Bats use jamming calls to disrupt competitors during food fights. These jamming signals, specifically ultrasonic calls, interfere with echolocation, causing other bats to miss insect prey, demonstrating active sensing disruption.

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Area of Science:

  • Animal behavior
  • Bioacoustics
  • Sensory ecology

Background:

  • Active sensing animals like bats use communication signals vulnerable to jamming.
  • Many species alter signal frequency to avoid self-jamming.
  • Intraspecific competition can involve disruptive communication strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if echolocating bats adaptively jam conspecifics during food competition.
  • To determine if jamming signals disrupt prey capture in bats.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized 3D flight path reconstructions and audio-video recordings of foraging Mexican free-tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis).
  • Analyzed ultrasonic signals emitted during foraging interactions.
  • Conducted playback experiments using jamming calls and control sounds.

Main Results:

  • Bats emitted jamming signals during interactions, interfering with conspecific echolocation.
  • Playback of jamming calls, but not control sounds, caused bats to miss insect targets.
  • Demonstrated adaptive jamming behavior during intraspecific food competition.

Conclusions:

  • Echolocating bats engage in active jamming of conspecifics during food competition.
  • This behavior represents a novel form of intraspecific competition through sensory disruption.
  • Adaptive jamming influences foraging success and highlights the evolutionary pressures on communication signals.