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Related Concept Videos

Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance in MRSA01:25

Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance in MRSA

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Antibiotic resistance in bacteria arises when microorganisms evolve the ability to withstand drugs designed to kill them or inhibit their growth, rendering once-effective treatments useless. This phenomenon, driven by genetic change and selection under antibiotic exposure, poses a profound threat to modern medicine. Mechanisms include drug-inactivating enzymes (e.g., β-lactamases), efflux pumps that eject antibiotics, mutations altering antibiotic targets, decreased drug uptake, and...
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Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance01:25

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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) presents a critical public health threat, arising from its capacity to resist β-lactam antibiotics due to acquisition of the mecA gene within the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). This gene encodes penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which impairs binding efficacy of methicillin and other β-lactams. MRSA has evolved into distinct clonal lineages impacting humans and animals alike, reinforcing its significance within...
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Development of Antibiotic Resistance01:30

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Antibiotic resistance is a major public health concern that arises when bacteria evolve mechanisms to withstand the effects of antibiotic treatments. This resistance can be intrinsic, acquired through genetic mutations, or transferred between bacteria via horizontal gene transfer. The development of antibiotic resistance poses significant challenges in treating bacterial infections and necessitates ongoing research to develop new therapeutic strategies.Intrinsic resistance occurs when bacterial...
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Biosensor for Detection of Antibiotic Resistant Staphylococcus Bacteria
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In vitro vancomycin susceptibility amongst methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

C N Chaudhari1, K Tandel2, N Grover1

  • 1Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune 411040, India.

Medical Journal, Armed Forces India
|November 8, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) remains susceptible to vancomycin and Linezolid. The Epsilometer (E) test is a suitable alternative for detecting vancomycin resistance in MRSA, complementing standard methods.

Keywords:
Agar dilution methodE-test (Epsilometer Test)MRSAStaphylococcus aureusVancomycin

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Clinical Pharmacy

Background:

  • Vancomycin is the primary treatment for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections.
  • Increasing prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus with reduced vancomycin susceptibility (SA-RVS) necessitates reliable detection methods.
  • Current guidelines rely on Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) via broth or agar dilution, with the Epsilometer (E) test as an alternative.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of SA-RVS in clinical MRSA isolates.
  • To compare the accuracy of vancomycin MIC determination using agar dilution versus the E test.
  • To evaluate the E test as a screening tool for vancomycin susceptibility.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective study involving 232 clinical MRSA isolates from a tertiary care hospital.
  • Vancomycin MIC was determined for all isolates using both agar dilution and E test methods.
  • Linezolid susceptibility was also assessed for all isolates.

Main Results:

  • All 232 MRSA isolates demonstrated susceptibility to Linezolid.
  • Two isolates exhibited vancomycin MIC ≥4 μg/ml.
  • Agar dilution yielded vancomycin MIC50 and MIC90 values of 0.5 and 0.2 μg/ml, respectively.
  • The E test showed over 93.5% agreement with agar dilution for vancomycin susceptibility.
  • E test demonstrated a sensitivity of 1.0 and a positive predictive value of 0.5 compared to agar dilution.

Conclusions:

  • MRSA isolates in this study remained susceptible to vancomycin and Linezolid.
  • The E test is a suitable and comparable method for initial screening of vancomycin susceptibility in MRSA.
  • Ongoing surveillance of SA-RVS is crucial due to potential geographic variations in prevalence.