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Updated: Apr 21, 2026
An Improved Mechanical Testing Method to Assess Bone-implant Anchorage
Published on: February 10, 2014
Primary stability of implants placed at different angulations in artificial bone
Ajay Kashi1, Bhumija Gupta, Hans Malmstrom
1*Resident and Research Fellow, Division of General Dentistry, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY. †Resident, Division of General Dentistry, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY. ‡Professor and Program Chair, Division of General Dentistry, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY. §Professor, Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY.
Titanium implant primary stability (PS) is higher in denser bone and with 10-degree angulations. This study evaluated PS in artificial bone, finding tilted implants offer better stability.
Area of Science:
- Dental Implantology
- Biomaterials Science
- Surgical Innovation
Background:
- Evaluating primary stability (PS) of titanium implants is crucial for successful osseointegration.
- Progressive thread designs aim to enhance stability, particularly in the apical region.
- Artificial bone materials provide a standardized model for implant research.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the primary stability (PS) of titanium implants with progressive thread design.
- To compare implant stability across different angulations (0, 10, 20 degrees) in artificial bone types II and IV.
- To investigate the influence of angulation on implant stability in varying bone densities.
Main Methods:
- 120 titanium implants (11mm length, 3.5mm diameter) were placed in polyurethane bone blocks (Type II and IV).
- Implants were inserted at 0, 10, and 20-degree angulations by two clinicians.
- Primary stability was measured using Osstell (ISQ) and Periotest devices; statistical analysis employed the chi-squared test.
Main Results:
- A statistically significant difference (P=0.02) in PS was observed across all angulations in both bone types, using Periotest values.
- Implants placed at a 10-degree angulation demonstrated superior stability compared to conventionally placed implants (0 degrees).
- Bone type II consistently showed higher primary stability than bone type IV.
Conclusions:
- Primary stability of dental implants is significantly influenced by bone quality, with Type II bone yielding higher stability than Type IV.
- A 10-degree angulation for implant placement enhances primary stability compared to conventional (0-degree) placement.
- The progressive thread design and apical stability features contribute to improved implant anchorage in artificial bone models.
