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Related Concept Videos

Biological Clocks and Seasonal Responses02:45

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The circadian—or biological—clock is an intrinsic, timekeeping, molecular mechanism that allows plants to coordinate physiological activities over 24-hour cycles called circadian rhythms. Photoperiodism is a collective term for the biological responses of plants to variations in the relative lengths of dark and light periods. The period of light-exposure is called the photoperiod.
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The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent...
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Red Algae01:23

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Red algae, also known as rhodophytes, are primarily found in marine environments, though some species inhabit freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems. These organisms exist in both unicellular and multicellular forms, with some multicellular varieties reaching macroscopic sizes.As phototrophic organisms, red algae contain chlorophyll a; however, their chloroplasts lack chlorophyll b. Instead, they possess phycobiliproteins, which serve as major light-harvesting pigments, similar to those found in...
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Most organisms use photoreceptors to sense and respond to light. Examples of photoreceptors include bacteriorhodopsins and bacteriophytochromes in some bacteria, phytochromes in plants, and rhodopsins in the photoreceptor cells of the vertebral retina. The light-sensitive property of these receptors is because of the bound chromophores, such as bilin in the phytochromes and retinal in the rhodopsins.
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Green algae, also referred to as chlorophytes, are different from red algae in having the chloroplasts containing chlorophylls a and b, which give them their distinct green hue. However, they lack phycobiliproteins, preventing them from developing the red or blue-green pigmentation seen in red algae. In terms of photosynthetic pigment composition, green algae closely resemble plants and share a close evolutionary relationship with them. Taxonomically Green algae belong to Phylum Chlorophyta in...
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Rapid Analysis of Circadian Phenotypes in Arabidopsis Protoplasts Transfected with a Luminescent Clock Reporter
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Clocks in algae.

Zeenat B Noordally1, Andrew J Millar

  • 1SynthSys and School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh EH9 3BF, United Kingdom.

Biochemistry
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Algae play vital ecological roles and are key to understanding circadian clocks. Genetic and molecular studies in diverse algal species are advancing this research, integrating omics data with computational methods.

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Area of Science:

  • Marine Biology
  • Chronobiology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Algae are crucial for global oxygen production and possess significant ecological and commercial value.
  • Algal models have historically advanced the understanding of circadian clocks at physiological and biochemical levels.
  • Genetic and molecular approaches for studying circadian clocks have been less explored in algae compared to other taxa.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the application of genetic and molecular approaches to study circadian clocks in various algal species.
  • To highlight the potential of algal systems for integrating 'omic' data with computational methods in chronobiology research.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on circadian clock research in seven selected algal species.
  • Analysis of genetic and molecular findings across different algal groups (chlorophytes, dinoflagellates, euglenozoa, red alga).

Main Results:

  • Circadian clock research in algae spans diverse species including Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Ostreococcus tauri, Acetabularia spp., Lingulodinium polyedrum, Symbiodinium spp., Euglena gracilis, and Cyanidioschyzon merolae.
  • While progress has been made, genetic and molecular studies of algal circadian clocks are not as widespread as in other model organisms.

Conclusions:

  • Algal systems offer unique advantages, including simplicity, experimental tractability, and diversity, for studying circadian clocks.
  • The integration of 'omic' technologies (genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, proteomics) with computational approaches in algae holds significant promise for advancing chronobiology.