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Related Concept Videos

Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

3.6K
Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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Types Of Superconductors01:28

Types Of Superconductors

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A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...
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Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human...
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Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
Diamagnetism was discovered by Anton Brugmans in 1778 when he observed that bismuth gets repelled by magnetic fields, thus theorizing that diamagnets get repelled by magnets....
3.6K
Paramagnetism01:30

Paramagnetism

3.3K
Paramagnets are materials with unpaired electrons that possess a finite magnetic moment. In the absence of a magnetic field, these moments are randomly oriented, and thus the net moment is zero. Under an external field, a torque acting on the moments tends to align them along the field's direction. However, the random thermal motion of electrons produces a torque opposite to the external field and tries to disorient the moments. These two competing effects align only a few moments along the...
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Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

11.9K
Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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Visualizing Uniaxial-strain Manipulation of Antiferromagnetic Domains in Fe1+YTe Using a Spin-polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscope
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Ferromagnetic ordering in superatomic solids.

Chul-Ho Lee1, Lian Liu, Christopher Bejger

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Columbia University , New York, New York 10027, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|November 8, 2014
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers demonstrate that assembling solid-state materials from molecular clusters creates predictable magnetic properties. Modifying these superatomic building blocks allows for controlled changes in collective ferromagnetic behavior.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid-State Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Assembly of solid-state materials from molecular clusters offers potential for novel properties.
  • Key criteria for realizing benefits include reproducible synthesis, emergent properties, and predictable structure-property relationships.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the feasibility of creating cluster-assembled solids with predictable emergent properties.
  • To investigate the magnetic behavior of solids assembled from molecular nickel telluride clusters and fullerenes.
  • To show that modifying superatomic building blocks leads to predictable changes in collective magnetic properties.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized magnetometry and muon spin relaxation measurements.
  • Employed crystallographic definition of superatomic solids.
  • Synthesized macroscopic amounts of pure materials from molecular nickel telluride clusters and fullerenes.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated a ferromagnetic phase transition in cluster-assembled solids at low temperatures.
  • Confirmed that the observed properties are emergent and not simple averages of constituent subunits.
  • Showed that rational modifications to superatoms result in predictable changes in cooperative magnetic properties.

Conclusions:

  • Met the criteria for realizing significant benefits from cluster-assembled solid-state materials.
  • Established a platform for designing materials with tunable magnetic properties through superatom engineering.
  • Opened avenues for developing advanced functional materials based on molecular building blocks.