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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Microscopy Techniques01:22

Overview of Microscopy Techniques

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The early pioneers of microscopy opened a window into the invisible world of microorganisms. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes that leveraged nonvisible light, such as fluorescence microscopy that uses an ultraviolet light source and electron microscopy that uses short-wavelength electron beams. These advances significantly improved magnification, image resolution, and contrast. By comparison, the...
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Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

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Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
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Overview of Electron Microscopy01:25

Overview of Electron Microscopy

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The wavelengths of visible light ultimately limit the maximum theoretical resolution of images created by light microscopes. Most light microscopes can only magnify 1000X, and a few can magnify up to 1500X. Electrons, like electromagnetic radiation, can behave like waves, but with wavelengths of 0.005 nm, they produce significantly greater resolution up to 0.05 nm as compared to 500 nm for visible light. An electron microscope (EM) can create a sharp image that is magnified up to 2,000,000X.
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Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

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The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
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UV–Vis Spectrometers01:14

UV–Vis Spectrometers

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The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell.
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Ultraviolet and Visible (UV–Vis) Spectroscopy: Overview01:02

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Ultraviolet–visible (UV–visible or UV–Vis) spectroscopy is an analytical technique that investigates the interaction between matter and UV–Vis light within the electromagnetic spectrum. This method is widely used for its versatility, simplicity, and relatively quick data acquisition, making it valuable for both qualitative and quantitative analysis. When UV–Vis radiation passes through a material,  molecules absorb light depending on the energy required for...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 21, 2026

Spectral and Angle-Resolved Magneto-Optical Characterization of Photonic Nanostructures
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Cathode lens spectromicroscopy: methodology and applications.

T O Menteş1, G Zamborlini2, A Sala1

  • 1Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Trieste 34149, Italy.

Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology
|November 11, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Spectroscopic Photoemission and Low Energy Electron Microscopy (SPELEEM) advances spectromicroscopy. This technique reveals electronic structure changes in graphene and enables real-time magnetic imaging of nanostructures.

Keywords:
X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD)X-ray photoemission electron microscopy (XPEEM)gold (Au)grapheneintercalationlow-energy electron microscopy (LEEM)magnetismnanostructures

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Area of Science:

  • Surface science
  • Materials science
  • Spectromicroscopy

Background:

  • Synchrotron-based low-energy electron imaging techniques have significantly advanced spectromicroscopy.
  • The Spectroscopic Photoemission and Low Energy Electron Microscope (SPELEEM) is a key instrument in this field.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the multitechnique capabilities and recent technical developments of the SPELEEM instrument.
  • To review applications of SPELEEM in graphene physics and mesoscopic magnetism studies.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing SPELEEM for detailed analysis of electronic structures.
  • Employing X-ray magnetic circular dichroism-photoemission electron microscopy (XMCD-PEEM) for magnetic imaging.
  • Leveraging synchrotron's variable photon polarization and energy.

Main Results:

  • SPELEEM monitored electronic structure changes in graphene/Ir(100) during gold intercalation.
  • Gold intercalation decoupled graphene from the substrate, reducing Dirac energy.
  • Real-time growth monitoring and combined chemical/magnetic characterization of nanostructures were demonstrated.

Conclusions:

  • SPELEEM offers versatile capabilities for studying complex material systems.
  • The technique is crucial for understanding graphene electronic properties and mesoscopic magnetism in nanostructured materials.