Enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography features in a young case of primary hyperoxaluria Type 1

To describe the enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography findings in a very young case of Type 1 primary hyperoxaluria.

Observational case report of a young patient who underwent clinical examination and enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography evaluation.

A 4-year-old boy with a history of Type 1 primary hyperoxaluria and resulting chronic renal failure was referred to us for ophthalmologic examination. There were no ocular symptoms when he was referred to us. Fundus examination showed deposition of calcium oxalate crystals at the posterior pole located symmetrically in both eyes. Enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography evaluation revealed hyperreflective structures, localized under the photoreceptor inner segment/outer segment junction, and over the retinal pigment epithelium, consistent with deposition of oxalate crystals. There were no oxalate crystals in the superficial retinal layers, and we observed no evidence of deposition of oxalate crystals in choroid with enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography.

We could not demonstrate any oxalate deposits in the choroid with enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography in this young case of primary hyperoxaluria Type 1. This may be related to the young age of our patient, and the amounts of the crystalline deposition may increase in the years ahead.